The human body hosts an enormous abundance and diversity of microbes, which perform a range of essential and beneficial functions. Our appreciation of the importance of these microbial communities to many aspects of human physiology has grown dramatically in recent years. We know, for example, that animals raised in a germ-free environment exhibit substantially altered immune and metabolic function, while the disruption of commensal microbiota in humans is associated with the development of a growing number of diseases. Evidence is now emerging that, through interactions with the gut–brain axis, the bidirectional communication system between the central nervous system and the gastrointestinal tract, the gut microbiome can also influence neural development, cognition and behaviour, with recent evidence that changes in behaviour alter gut microbiota composition, while modifications of the microbiome can induce depressive-like behaviours. Although an association between enteropathy and certain psychiatric conditions has long been recognized, it now appears that gut microbes represent direct mediators of psychopathology. Here, we examine roles of gut microbiome in shaping brain development and neurological function, and the mechanisms by which it can contribute to mental illness. Further, we discuss how the insight provided by this new and exciting field of research can inform care and provide a basis for the design of novel, microbiota-targeted, therapies.

From gut dysbiosis to altered brain function and mental illness: mechanisms and pathways

Administration of lactobacillus helveticus ns8 improves behavioral, cognitive, and biochemical aberrations caused by chronic restraint stress

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/wps.20446

Improving outcomes of first-episode psychosis: an overview

The role of microbiota-gut-brain axis in neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders.

Similar to other health care sectors, mental health has moved towards the secondary prevention, with the effort to detect and treat mental disorders as early as possible. However, converging evidence sheds new light on the potential of primary preventive and promotion strategies for mental health of young people. We aimed to reappraise such evidence. We reviewed the current state of knowledge on delivering promotion and preventive interventions addressing youth mental health. Half of all mental disorders start by 14 years and are usually preceded by non-specific psychosocial disturbances potentially evolving in any major mental disorder and accounting for 45% of the global burden of disease across the 0–25 age span. While some action has been taken to promote the implementation of services dedicated to young people, mental health needs during this critical period are still largely unmet. This urges redesigning preventive strategies in a youth-focused multidisciplinary and trans-diagnostic framework which might early modify possible psychopathological trajectories. Evidence suggests that it would be unrealistic to consider promotion and prevention in mental health responsibility of mental health professionals alone. Integrated and multidisciplinary services are needed to increase the range of possible interventions and limit the risk of poor long-term outcome, with also potential benefits in terms of healthcare system costs. However, mental health professionals have the scientific, ethical, and moral responsibility to indicate the direction to all social, political, and other health care bodies involved in the process of meeting mental health needs during youth years.

/pdf/prevention-and-early-intervention-in-youth-mental-health-is-3l0rqraafg.pdf

Prevention and early intervention in youth mental health: is it time for a multidisciplinary and trans-diagnostic model for care?

The "psychomicrobiotic": Targeting microbiota in major psychiatric disorders: A systematic review

34295 Montpellier cedex, FranceEA 3279-Self-perceived Health Assessment Research Unit, School of Medicine, La Timone University, 27, boulevard Jean-Moulin, 13385 Marseille cedex 05,FrancePathologie Biologie xxx (2014) xxx–xxxA R T I C L E I N F OArticle history:Received 7 June 2014Accepted 20 October 2014Available online xxxKeywords:Microbiota dysbiosisProbioticAnxietyAutismSchizophreniaMots cle´s :Axe intestin-cerveauMicrobioteMe´tage´nomePre´biotiqueProbiotiqueAnxie´te´De´pressionAutismeThe´rapeutiqueTraitementA B S T R A C T

The ''psychomicrobiotic'': Targeting microbiota in major psychiatric disorders: A systematic review Le microbiote intestinal : un role potentiel dans les troubles psychiatriques majeurs

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The "psychomicrobiotic": Targeting microbiota in major psychiatric disorders: A systematic review

The ''psychomicrobiotic'': Targeting microbiota in major psychiatric disorders: A systematic review Le microbiote intestinal : un role potentiel dans les troubles psychiatriques majeurs