In India, the environment friendly and sustainable management of colored effluents emanating from alcohol-producing distilleries has become a serious environmental concern. The current study aimed to examine the efficiency of ligninolytic enzyme-producing bacterial strain isolated from ameliorated distillery sludge by enrichment method for its bioremediation and detoxification potential of biomethanated distillery effluent (BMDE). Out of nineteen bacterial isolates isolated from distillery sludge, one strain VKDS9, having higher ability towards the removal of effluent’s color, was identified as Bacillus albus by 16S rRNA analysis. The bacterium showed significant decolourization of effluent up to 83% with subsequent reduction of biochemical oxygen demand (3261 mg/L), chemical oxygen demand (7870.5 mg/L), and other physico-chemical parameters including metallic and non-metallic elements in the presence of glucose (1% w/v) and peptone (0.5% w/v) at optimal temperature 37 °C, pH 8.0, and 180 rpm within 144 h. Further, biodegradation of effluent was confirmed by high performance liquid chromatography analysis that showed appearance/disappearance and reduction of several peaks. Moreover, GC–MS​ analysis of bacterial treated effluent displayed the disappearance of several chemical contaminants and formation of new metabolites which were formed as end products of biodegraded effluent. Furthermore, phytotoxicity of treated and untreated BMDE was evaluated using Cicer arientinum L. seeds revealed the biodetoxification of BMDE after treatment by B. albus strain VKDS9. This study concluded that B. albus strain VKDS9 can be used as an efficient biotechnological tool for remediation of distillery effluent for its harmless dumping into the environment towards sustainable development. • Novel ligninolytic enzyme producing Bacillus albus strain VKDS9 was isolated. • Significant pollutant load along with color removal was achieved by strain VKDS9. • Phytotoxicity​ assessment showed toxicity reduction in treated distillery effluent. • Strain VKDS9 can be used as a promising tool for remediation of distillery effluent. 

Bioremediation potential of newly isolated Bacillus albus strain VKDS9 for decolourisation and detoxification of biomethanated distillery effluent and its metabolites characterisation for environmental sustainability

Synergistic role of bacterial consortium to biodegrade toxic dyes containing wastewater and its simultaneous reuse as an added value.

This work studies variables measured from the first phase of composting through the acquisition of the final product, with the goal of identifying those that are more strongly related to quality and are most useful for developing an index. The necessity to establish quality control procedures thus exists for the classification of raw materials in the same way as for the finished products. To accomplish this, three mixtures were prepared, with the goal of achieving a C/N ratio of 30 and a moisture content of 60%. The primary component of each mixture was: fruit processing waste (C1), sewage sludge from the food industry (C2), and the manufacturing waste of fried foods (C3). Temperatures were measured over 107 days, with the corresponding data fit to a logistical model where T °C ~ α / ((1 + exp (− (Time − β) / − γ))) + δ, with interaction compost * time being statistically significant (p Bd and <TPS, total pore space) and higher content of Zn and Cu. Composting carried out with appropriate mixtures can offer high-quality products for use as fertiliser, in soil restoration, and as an alternative substrate to peat and virgin mountain soil.

https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/10/10/1567/pdf

Parameter Selection for the Evaluation of Compost Quality

Exploring the feasibility of thermal digestion process: A novel technique, for the rapid treatment and reuse of solid organic waste as organic fertilizer

The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of Cellulomonas flavigena and Streptomyces viridosporus, as a bacterial inoculant, on the compostability of post-extraction lavender waste. The major physicochemical, microbiological, and biological properties of the composting materials were monitored for 161 days. The technology developed was shown to improve the compostability of recalcitrant herbal residues. The use of lavender waste beneficially affected the composting process by extending the thermophilic phase, accelerating the degradation of organic matter, and elevating the viable counts of useful microorganisms; however, adverse effects were also observed, including an increased carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (19.05) and a decreased germination index (93.4%). Bacterial inoculation was found to preserve the nitrogen content (2.50%) and improve the efficiency of biodegradation. The Salmonella- and Escherichia coli-free final composting products were mature, stable, and ready for soil application. To the authors’ knowledge, no previous research has investigated the compostability of lavender waste. Likewise, this is the first study that has used strains of C. flavigena and S. viridosporus in combination to facilitate a composting process.

/pdf/effect-of-bacterial-inoculation-on-co-composting-of-lavender-4762u5d4im.pdf

Effect of bacterial inoculation on co-composting of lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.) waste and cattle manure

Composting is an environmentally sustainable alternative for bioconversion of agricultural residues into a nutrient-rich product that can enhance soil fertility/microbial diversity and thereby improve agricultural productivity. The goal of the current study was to evaluate the decomposition pattern of the agro-residues and assess the maturity and phytotoxicity of the composts obtained using physico-chemical, microbial and statistical analyses. The study also attempted to determine a threshold germination index (GI) to serve as a maturity index for the composts by conducting seed germination assays with tomato, chickpea and soybean seeds. Three agricultural residues/straws of Eleusine coracana (finger millet), Sorghum bicolor (sorghum) and Glycine max (soybean) were subjected to aerobic composting for a period of 60 days to study the impact of saw dust on the decomposition pattern and the ultimate compost quality/characteristics. The results showed efficient decomposition pattern of the agricultural residues characterized by high temperature profiles (up to 70 °C), high microbial activity, a sharp decrease in C/N ratio of the composting materials, i.e., from an initial 41–61 to final 10–17. Statistical evaluation of seed germination assays showed that only the compost obtained from sorghum straw + saw dust was mature and free from any phytotoxicity as all the tested seeds showed higher and statistically significant GIs. It was difficult to attribute a single threshold GI value to indicate maturity of compost and could not further be applied to different types of composts as different seeds responded differently to the same compost.

/pdf/physico-chemical-microbial-and-phytotoxicity-evaluation-of-51lxj8c2oi.pdf

Physico-chemical, microbial and phytotoxicity evaluation of composts from sorghum, finger millet and soybean straws

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Physico-chemical, microbial and phytotoxicity evaluation of composts from sorghum, finger millet and soybean straws