Limited resources and other factors pose major challenges for engineering, technology, and science educators ability to provide adequate laboratory experience for students. An Internet accessible remote laboratory, which is an arrangement that allows laboratory equipment to be controlled remotely, addresses these difficulties and allows more efficient laboratory management.Internet Accessible Remote Laboratories: Scalable E-Learning Tools for Engineering and Science Disciplines collects current developments in the multidisciplinary creation of Internet accessible remote laboratories. This book offers perspectives on teaching with online laboratories, pedagogical design, system architectures for remote laboratories, future trends, and policy issues in the use of remote laboratories. It is useful resource for graduate and undergraduate students in electrical and computer engineering and computer science programs, as well as researchers who are interested in learning more about the current status of the field, as well as various approaches to remote laboratory design.

Internet Accessible Remote Laboratories: Scalable E-Learning Tools for Engineering and Science Disciplines

Review article: Developments in dynamic and intelligent reconfiguration of industrial automation

Future manufacturing is envisioned to be highly flexible and adaptable. New technologies for reconfigurable systems and their adaptations are preconditions for this vision. Without such solutions, engineering adaptations of Industrial Process Measurement and Control Systems (IPMCS) will exceed the costs of engineered systems by far and the reuse of equipment will become inefficient. Especially the reconfiguration of control applications is not sufficiently solved. This paper gives an overview of the use of reconfiguration applications for downtimeless system evolution of control applications on basis of the standard IEC 61499. A new approach for the reconfiguration of IEC 61499 based control application and the corresponding modeling is discussed. This new method significantly increases engineering efficiency and reuse in component-based IPMCS.

Zero Downtime Reconfiguration of Distributed Automation Systems: The εCEDAC Approach

It is apparent that implementation of practical sessions in engineering education paves the way for students to be familiar with instruments and, thus, with the industrial real world. In recent decades, the high cost and administration burdens of physical equipment have caused a significant decline in experimentation within engineering education. This situation has fostered the development and adoption of remote laboratories as a replacement. Recently, remote laboratories based on a large variety of technologies have been developed at multiple universities and adopted in industrial electronics engineering education. Furthermore, some of these laboratories are replicated at many universities. This was the commencement of a new mainstream that advocates a better remodeling of those laboratories to allow their allocation, sharing among universities, and their interoperable communication with other heterogeneous educational systems, e.g., learning management systems (LMSs). This article, on the one hand, reports on the design of the state-of-the-art remote laboratories for industrial electronics disciplines along with the cutting-edge technologies adopted. On the other hand, the article sheds light on the outstanding interoperable educational remote laboratories architectures, classifying them with regard to their exclusive features and provided services, and pointing out the limitations of each.

Expanding the Boundaries of the Classroom: Implementation of Remote Laboratories for Industrial Electronics Disciplines

Dynamic reconfiguration provides of powerful mechanism to adapt component-based distributed applications to changing environmental conditions. We have designed and implemented a framework for dynamic component reconfiguration on the basis of the Microsoft .NET environment. Within this paper we present an experimental evaluation of our infrastructure for dynamic reconfiguration of component-based applications. Our framework supports the description of application configurations and profiles and allows for selection of a particular configuration and object/component instantiation based on measured environmental conditions. In response to changes in the environment, our framework will dynamically load new configurations, thus implementing dynamic reconfiguration of an application. Configuration code for components and applications has to interact with many functional modules and therefore is often scattered around the whole application. We use aspect-oriented programming techniques to handle configuration aspects separately from functional code. The timing behavior of dynamic reconfiguration depends heavily on properties of the underlying programming environment and the operating system. We have studied to which extend and with which performance impact the Microsoft .NET Platform/sup 1/ supports dynamic reconfiguration. The paper thoroughly discusses our experimental results.

Configuration and dynamic reconfiguration of component-based applications with Microsoft .NET

Increasing capabilities of modern microcontrollers greatly increase their applicability to more and more complex scenarios. However, unstable and ever-changing environmental settings require embedded systems permanently to adapt to new situations. Dynamic reconfiguration provides a powerful mechanism to execute such adaptation strategies. The implementation of dynamic reconfiguration is still challenging for embedded real-time control software. Within earlier work we have presented our framework Adapt.NET for runtime adaption of component-based applications, including a runtime infrastructure for dynamic reconfiguration and monitoring, targeted for mobile and desktop environments. New experiments in our Web-based remote laboratory - the distributed control lab - require the reconfiguration to complete in bounded time. In the remote lab we use dynamic reconfiguration to adapt experiment control to failures in user control components. Within this paper, we analyze the timing behavior of the implemented dynamic reconfiguration algorithm in order to allow for predictable execution times. We describe how complex component-based real-time applications can be adapted to changing environmental conditions, continuously meeting all tasks deadlines during dynamic reconfiguration.

Dynamic reconfiguration of component-based real-time software

This paper introduces ReDAC, a new algorithm for dynamic reconfiguration of multi-threaded applications. In order to achieve high reliability and availability, distributed component software has to support dynamic reconfiguration. Typical examples include the application of hot-fixes to deal with security vulnerabilities. ReDAC can be implemented on top of the modern component-platforms Java and .NET. We extend the statical term component, denoting a unit of deployment, to runtime by defining a capsule (runtime component instance) to be a set of interconnected objects. This allows us to apply dynamic updates at the level of components during runtime without stopping whole applications. Using system-wide unique identifiers for threads (logical thread IDs), we can detect and also bring capsules into a reconfigurable state by selectively blocking threads, relying on data structures maintained by additional logic integrated into the capsules using aspect-oriented programming. An important contribution of this paper is that ReDAC supports the dynamic reconfiguration of distributed multi-threaded and re-entrant components with cyclic call dependencies.

ReDAC -- Dynamic Reconfiguration of Distributed Component-Based Applications with Cyclic Dependencies

With the ongoing internationalization of virtual laboratories, the integration aspect becomes more important. The meanwhile commonly accepted ’glue’ for such legacy systems are service oriented architectures, based on standardized and accepted Web service standards. We present our concept of the ’experiment as a service’, where the idea of service-based architectures is applied to virtual remote laboratories. In our laboratory middleware, experiments are represented as stateful service implementations and jobs as logical service instances of these implementations. We discuss performance, reliability, security and monitoring issues in this approach, and show how the resulting infrastructure - the Distributed Control Lab - is applied in the European VetTrend project.

SOA Meets Robots - A Service-Based Software Infrastructure for Remote Laboratories

Shorter product cycles, the requirement for immediate reaction to cyber-attacks and the need for the adaptation to changing environmental conditions demand software reconfigurations to be performed at runtime, in order to reduce downtime. Especially long running applications, which have to provide continuous service should not be restarted for maintenance. They must be updated dynamically.We have developed a reconfiguration strategy allowing to identify valid reconfiguration points even in multithreaded environments, enabling dynamic application updates. The usage of dynamic aspect weaving enables us to transparently create self-adaptive applications without additional compilation steps or programming constraints in the software development process.We demonstrate how our approach can be applied to a real-world retail application of a large logistics company. We will describe the implementation of the reconfiguration aspect and our dynamic aspect weaving tool Rapier LOOM.NET.

Self-adaptive multithreaded applications: a case for dynamic aspect weaving

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