A regional differentiation — reflecting structural differences — of the intestine of larval and juvenile grasscarps can be illustrated by studying the activity of alkaline phosphatase and the uptake of orally administered horseradish peroxidase.

Regional functional differentiation in the gut of the grasscarp, Ctenopharyngodon idella (Val.)

Development of the digestive tract of milkfish, Chanos chanos (Forsskal): Histology and histochemistry

Ultrastructure and histochemical distribution of enzymes were examined in the midgut of larval and postlarval stages of Penaeus setiferus. Acid phosphatase and esterase activities were present in all gut tissues at all stages. Protease activity was present in the anterior and lateral midgut caeca, as well as in the anterior portion of the midgut trunk (MGT) of larvae and early postlarvae (PL1-PL4). Amylase activity could not be detected histochemically in larvae or early postlarvae, even though it was detected in assays of whole-animal homogenates. In later postlarvae, both protease and amylase activities were present in the hepatopancreas and anterior MGT, but were absent from the anterior midgut diverticulum. In larvae, alkaline phosphatase activity is present throughout the midgut, suggesting that absorption is widespread. In juveniles, activity is restricted to the hepatopancreas and regions of the MGT within the cephalothorax. The abdominal MGT (or "intestine") is no longer absorptive by the time the...

Ontogenetic Changes in Enzyme Distribution and Midgut Function in Developmental Stages of Penaeus setiferus (Crustacea, Decapoda, Penaeidae).

Postemergent Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) were reared during the early feeding phase in the soft, acidic water of the Westfield River (mean pH 5.0) in Nova Scotia. The fry were held in a flow-thro...

Effects of low environmental pH on the survival, growth, and ionic composition of postemergent Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

Development of behaviour in alevins of atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, and rainbow trout, S. gairdneri

The pattern of alkaline phosphatase activity in the gastrointestinal tract of steelhead trout as revealed by Gomori-Takamatsu's Ca-CoS method indicates that this enzyme is intimately concerned with differentiation. During the early stages of development, the enzyme is widely distributed and localized mainly in the cytoplasm and nuclei of the gut primordium, later on, however, it becomes electively localized in those areas where active differentiation is taking place and disappears from other regions. Regional accumulation and loss of alkaline phosphatase throughout the period of gut differentiation points to the characteristic discontinuity in enzyme development. In the fully developed gut, phosphatase activity is localized in the gastric and intestinal regions in the lamina propria, brush border, and nuclei of the tunica mucosa. The probable role of phosphatase in these locations is discussed. Topographically variable patterns of enzyme activity obtained under different p H conditions suggest that phosphatases present in the brush border, lamina propria, and nuclei have different p H optima and are active over different p H ranges. The use of inhibitors in various concentrations in the incubating medium shows that the enzyme located in the brush border is more resistant to high concentrations of inhibitors than that in the lamina propria. Nuclear phosphatase, on the other hand, is very sensitive to lower inhibitor concentrations. Experimental evidence is presented to show that the reaction in the nuclei is due to the presence of intrinsic phosphatase. Following starvation, changes in the enzyme activity pattern are indicated in the intestinal mucosa, probable factors inducing these changes are discussed. Differential patterns of phosphatase activity in tissue sections obtained under different substrates, p H values, inhibitor concentrations, and levels of starvation strengthen the belief of \"enzyme plurality\".

Distribution and differentiation of alkaline phosphatase in the gastro-intestinal tract of steelhead trout.

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Distribution and differentiation of alkaline phosphatase in the gastro-intestinal tract of steelhead trout.