In recent years, with the development of materials science and architectural art, ensuring the safety of modern buildings is the top priority while they are developing toward higher, lighter, and more unique trends. Structural health monitoring (SHM) is currently an extremely effective and vital safeguard measure. Because of the fiber-optic sensor's (FOS) inherent distinctive advantages (such as small size, lightweight, immunity to electromagnetic interference (EMI) and corrosion, and embedding capability), a significant number of innovative sensing systems have been exploited in the civil engineering for SHM used in projects (including buildings, bridges, tunnels, etc.). The purpose of this review article is devoted to presenting a summary of the basic principles of various fiber-optic sensors, classification and principles of FOS, typical and functional fiber-optic sensors (FOSs), and the practical application status of the FOS technology in SHM of civil infrastructure.

https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/16/4517/pdf

Recent Progress of Fiber-Optic Sensors for the Structural Health Monitoring of Civil Infrastructure.

This paper presents the Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) system developed for a port wharf of a freight terminal, in Saint-Nazaire, France. This concrete structure has been equipped with a multi-sensor system for the monitoring of concrete ageing. The measurement chain is designed to detect the penetration of chloride ions in order to quantify the risk of reinforcement bars corrosion. Modifications of the mechanical behavior of the structural elements of the wharf are also monitored. At first, the sensors embedded within the structure and the acquisition devices are described. The data from the monitoring performed during the first months of the structure service life are then presented. The concrete monitoring at early age providing data like temperature history, strain and resistivity is useful both for the wharf owner and the construction company since it indicates where concrete shrinkage is likely to cause cracking and gives an indicator of material hardening. These data were compared to the results of material tests carried out on concrete. The study shows that a measurement chain dedicated to the SHM could be a useful tool for validating the quality of the construction of a reinforced concrete structure before being used in the framework of long-term monitoring.

Monitoring of a Reinforced Concrete Wharf Using Structural Health Monitoring System and Material Testing

Numerical and experimental flight verifications of a calibration matrix approach for load monitoring and temperature reconstruction and compensation

Numerical and experimental verification of an inverse-direct approach for load and strain monitoring in aeronautical structures

Both Rayleigh and Brillouin scatterings measurements in optical fibers are able to provide distributed strain and temperature profiles. Acquisition parameters, measurement quality, impact of the environment over time, effective spatial resolution obtained on field are some of the driving specifications. We report here some studies on Brillouin and Rayleigh scattering techniques, related to their performances concerning measurement quality, distance range and spatial resolution. Even if Rayleigh-based measurements are more accurate with 6 µe uncertainty (versus 17 μe), Brillouin-based methods are more reliable than Rayleigh-based on cross-correlation for strain difference over 500 μe; while with the same parameters Rayleigh-based systems are able to provide a higher effective spatial resolution.

Distributed optical fiber strain and temperature sensing system performances: Brillouin vs Rayleigh

This paper presents the measurement methodology of diameter reduction monitoring of micro-tunnel structures used for radioactive waste storage based on distributed strain measurements along fiber optic sensors installed on the circumference. The whole measurement procedure is described: the calibration of the sensors for use in harsh environment (temperature and radioactivity), the measurement analysis technique, the performance assessment of different measurement systems on a surface mock-up and the in-situ validation on an underground structure. The performances of Brillouin and Rayleigh backscattering measurements are compared, as well as different fixation technologies. Distributed measurements are compared to alternative measurements: displacement sensors, Bragg grating extensometers and MEMS accelerometers. The distributed Rayleigh backscattering measurement performed on optical cables bonded to the surface of the structure appears to be the best solution for monitoring the convergence of micro-tunnels and offers comparable performance to alternative technologies tested on the surface demonstrator.

/pdf/performance-assessment-of-distributed-strain-sensing-1tscoqri.pdf

Performance Assessment of Distributed Strain Sensing Techniques for Convergence Monitoring of Radioactive Waste Repository

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1361-665X/ab04cc/pdf

Non-invasive tunnel convergence measurement based on distributed optical fiber strain sensing

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Performance Assessment of Distributed Strain Sensing Techniques for Convergence Monitoring of Radioactive Waste Repository

Non-invasive tunnel convergence measurement based on distributed optical fiber strain sensing