We investigate three-color QCD thermodynamics at finite quark chemical potential. Lattice QCD results are compared with a generalized Nambu Jona-Lasinio model in which quarks couple simultaneously to the chiral condensate and to a background temporal gauge field representing Polyakov loop dynamics. This so-called PNJL model thus includes features of both deconfinement and chiral symmetry restoration. The parameters of the Polyakov loop effective potential are fixed in the pure-gauge sector. The chiral condensate and the Polyakov loop as functions of temperature and quark chemical potential are calculated by minimizing the thermodynamic potential of the system. The resulting equation of state, (scaled) pressure difference and quark number density at finite quark chemical potential are then confronted with corresponding Lattice QCD data.

/pdf/phases-of-qcd-lattice-thermodynamics-and-a-field-theoretical-3nq5qtb1g3.pdf

Phases of QCD: Lattice thermodynamics and a field theoretical model

Dyson-Schwinger equations: Density, temperature and continuum strong QCD

We discuss hadron production in heavy ion collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) We argue that hadrons at transverse momenta ${P}_{T}l5\phantom{\rule{03em}{0ex}}\text{GeV}$ are formed by recombination of partons from the dense parton phase created in central collisions at RHIC We provide a theoretical description of the recombination process for ${P}_{T}g2\phantom{\rule{03em}{0ex}}\text{GeV}$ Below ${P}_{T}=2\phantom{\rule{03em}{0ex}}\text{GeV}$ our results smoothly match a purely statistical description At high transverse momentum hadron production is well described in the language of perturbative QCD by the fragmentation of partons We give numerical results for a variety of hadron spectra, ratios, and nuclear suppression factors We also discuss the anisotropic flow ${v}_{2}$ and give results based on a flow in the parton phase Our results are consistent with the existence of a parton phase at RHIC hadronizing at a temperature of $175\phantom{\rule{03em}{0ex}}\text{MeV}$ and a radial flow velocity of $055c$

Hadron production in heavy ion collisions: Fragmentation and recombination from a dense parton phase

Maximum entropy analysis of the spectral functions in lattice QCD

We reconsider thermal production of gravitinos in the early universe, adding to previously considered $2\ensuremath{\rightarrow}2$ gauge scatterings: (a) production via $1\ensuremath{\rightarrow}2$ decays, allowed by thermal masses: this is the main new effect, (b) the effect of the top Yukawa coupling, and (c) a proper treatment of the reheating process. Our final result behaves physically (larger couplings give a larger rate) and is twice larger than previous results, implying e.g. a constraint on the reheating temperature that is twice as strong. Accessory results about (supersymmetric) theories at finite temperature and gravitino couplings might have some pertinence.

Thermal production of gravitinos

Recent SU(3) gauge field lattice data for the equation of state are interpreted by a quasiparticle model with effective thermal gluon masses. The model is motivated by lowest-order perturbative QCD and describes very well the data. The proposed quasiparticle approach can be applied to study color excitations in the nonperturbative regime. As an example we estimate the temperature dependence of the Debye screening mass and find that it declines sharply when approaching the confinement temperature from above, while the thermal mass continuously rises.

/pdf/massive-quasiparticle-model-of-the-su-3-gluon-plasma-h6bkh5d89v.pdf

Massive quasiparticle model of the SU(3) gluon plasma.

The influence of a non-vanishing baryon charge on the rapidity distribution of dileptons produced in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions is studied. We employ a frozen motion model with scaling invariant expansion of the hadronizing quark-gluon plasma as well as a realistic rapidity distribution of secondary particles (i.e., pions and baryons) expected for RHIC energies. We demonstrate a sizeable suppression of the thermal dilepton yield at large rapidities due to the finite baryon density. This affects the most favorable rapidity window for using dileptons for the diagnostic of the quark-gluon plasma and the early temperature distribution of the hot reaction zone. To discriminate the thermal dileptons from Drell-Yan background we propose to utilize the dilepton yield scaled suitably by the pion multiplicity as function of rapidity.

/pdf/rapidity-dependence-of-thermal-dileptons-resulting-from-1itzg4vowt.pdf

Rapidity dependence of thermal dileptons resulting from hadronizing quark-gluon matter with finite baryon charge

Relying on the Luttinger-Ward theorem we derive a thermodynamically selfconsistent and scale independent approximation of the thermodynamic potential for the scalar $\phi^4$ theory in the tadpole approximation. The resulting thermodynamic potential as a function of the temperature is similar to the one of the recently proposed screened perturbation theory.

Thermodynamics of the \phi^4 theory in tadpole approximation

Recent finite-temperature QCD lattice data are analyzed within a quasiparticle model, and extrapolated to nonzero chemical potential. Determined by the chiral transition temperature, the resulting equation of state of charge neutral, $\beta$-stable deconfined matter limits the mass and the size of quark stars.

Stringent limits on quark star masses due to the chiral transition temperature

Electromagnetic signals, i.e., real and virtual photons, have proven to be experimentally accessible probes of highly excited, strongly interacting matter in intermediate and relativistic heavy-ion collisions, both for Bevalac energies1 and for SPS energies.2 Indeed, at SPS in CERN the three large dilepton experiments, which measure the decay products of the virtual photons either as electron — positron pairs (CERES) or muon — anti-muon pairs (NA38, HELIOS-3), have detected an ‘excess’ of observed dileptons, i.e., a larger number of pairs in certain phase space regions than it could be explained by simple superpositions of known hadron decay sources or individual pp collisions. This is particularly tempting, since it indicates interesting features at nucleon — nucleon center-of-mass energies of GeV already for such light projectile — target combinations as S + S, S + U, and 0 + U.

/pdf/estimates-of-electromagnetic-signals-from-deconfined-matter-23207d5z63.pdf

Estimates of Electromagnetic Signals from Deconfined Matter Produced in Ultrarelativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions

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