The current status of the physics of massive neutrinos is reviewed with a forward-looking emphasis. The article begins with the general phenomenology of neutrino oscillations in vacuum and matter and documents the experimental evidence for oscillations of solar, reactor, atmospheric and accelerator neutrinos. Both active and sterile oscillation possibilities are considered. The impact of cosmology (BBN, CMB, leptogenesis) and astrophysics (supernovae, highest energy cosmic rays) on neutrino observables and vice versa, is evaluated. The predictions of grand unified, radiative and other models of neutrino mass are discussed. Ways of determining the unknown parameters of three-neutrino oscillations are assessed, taking into account eight-fold degeneracies in parameters that yield the same oscillation probabilities, as well as ways to determine the absolute neutrino mass scale (from beta-decay, neutrinoless double-beta decay, large scale structure and Z-bursts). Critical unknowns at present are the amplitude of νμ→νe oscillations and the hierarchy of the neutrino mass spectrum; the detection of CP violation in the neutrino sector depends on these and on an unknown phase. The estimated neutrino parameter sensitivities at future facilities (reactors, superbeams, neutrino factories) are given. The overall agenda of a future neutrino physics program to construct a bottom-up understanding of the lepton sector is presented.

Progress in the physics of massive neutrinos

The current status of the physics of massive neutrinos is reviewed with a forward-looking emphasis. The article begins with the general phenomenology of neutrino oscillations in vacuum and matter and documents the experimental evidence for oscillations of solar, reactor, atmospheric and accelerator neutrinos. Both active and sterile oscillation possibilities are considered. The impact of cosmology (BBN, CMB, leptogenesis) and astrophysics (supernovae, highest energy cosmic rays) on neutrino observables and vice versa, is evaluated. The predictions of grand unified, radiative and other models of neutrino mass are discussed. Ways of determining the unknown parameters of three-neutrino oscillations are assessed, taking into account eight-fold degeneracies in parameters that yield the same oscillation probabilities, as well as ways to determine the absolute neutrino mass scale (from beta-decay, neutrinoless double-beta decay, large scale structure and Z-bursts). Critical unknowns at present are the amplitude of \nu_\mu to \nu_e oscillations and the hierarchy of the neutrino mass spectrum; the detection of CP violation in the neutrino sector depends on these and on an unknown phase. The estimated neutrino parameter sensitivities at future facilities (reactors, superbeams, neutrino factories) are given. The overall agenda of a future neutrino physics program to construct a bottom-up understanding of the lepton sector is presented.

http://digital.csic.es/bitstream/10261/186304/1/neutrino_2004.pdf

Neutrino oscillation physics with a higher-γ β-beam

Accelerator neutrino beams

There are three parameter degeneracies inherent in the three--neutrino analysis of long--baseline neutrino experiments. We develop a systematic method for determining whether or not a set of measurements in neutrino oscillation appearance experiments with approximately monoenergetic beams can completely resolve these ambiguities. We then use this method to identify experimental scenarios in which the parameter degeneracies may be efficiently resolved. Generally speaking, with two appearance measurements degeneracies can occur over wide areas of the $(\delta,\theta_{13})$ parameter space; with three measurements they occur along lines in the parameter space and with four measurements they occur only at isolated points. If two detectors are placed at the same distance from the source but at different locations with respect to the main axis of the beam (a detector cluster), each detector will measure neutrinos at different energies. Then one run with neutrinos and one run with antineutrinos will give the four independent measurements that in principle can resolve all of the parameter degeneracies if $\sin^22\theta_{13} \geq 0.002$. We also examine scenarios with detector clusters using only neutrino beams. Without detector clusters, the measurement of neutrinos and antineutrinos at a short distance and only neutrinos at a longer distance may also work.

Off-axis beams and detector clusters: Resolving neutrino parameter degeneracies

NuMI neutrino beam is constructed to aim at the MINOS detector in Soudan mine. Neutrinos emitted at angles $10-20 mrad$ with respect to the beam axis create an intense beam with a well defined energy, dependent on the angle. Additional surface detectors positioned at the transverse distance of several kilometers from the mine offer an opportunity for very precise mesurements of the neutrino oscillation parameters. The mixing matrix element $$|U_{e3}|^{2}$$ can be measured down to a value of 0.0025 with the exposure of the order of $$20 kton\times years$$.

Neutrino oscillations experiments using off-axis NuMI beam

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Neutrino oscillations experiments using off-axis NuMI beam