Mining activities generally decrease topsoil and vegetation, reduce soil biodiversity, and yield extremely harsh environmental conditions, which in turn limit natural revegetation and soil restorat...

Occurrence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in mining-impacted sites and their contribution to ecological restoration: Mechanisms and applications

Erato polymnioides - A novel Hg hyperaccumulator plant in ecuadorian rainforest acid soils with potential of microbe-associated phytoremediation.

Phytoremediation is a technology based on the use of green plants to remove, relocate, deactivate, or destroy harmful environmental pollutants such as heavy metals, radionuclides, hydrocarbons, and pharmaceuticals. Under the general term of phytoremediation, several processes with distinctively different mechanisms of action are hidden. In this paper, the most popular modes of phytoremediation are described and discussed. A broad but concise review of available literature research with respect to the dominant process mechanism is provided. Moreover, methods of plant biomass utilization after harvesting, with particular regard to possibilities of “bio-ore” processing for metal recovery, or using energy crops as a valuable source for bio-energy production (bio-gas, bio-ethanol, bio-oil) are analyzed. Additionally, obstacles hindering the commercialization of phytoremediation are presented and discussed together with an indication of future research trends.

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Phytoremediation—From Environment Cleaning to Energy Generation—Current Status and Future Perspectives

In recent decades, the increasing number of degraded lands worldwide makes their rehabilitation essential and crucial. Various techniques have emerged to fulfill these needs but most of them are expensive and difficult to be applied. Revegetation is a cost effective, environmental friendly, and aesthetically pleasing approach suitable for degraded areas. However, the use of edible crops, especially for areas with heavy metals (HM) contamination, is not ecologically suitable because the HM may enter the food chain. Alternatively, non-edible, fast-growing, deep-rooting, and metal-stabilizing plants with high biomass, which can produce high-value products hold a great potential and have been regarded as potential candidates of edible crops. This current review presents the benefits of using aromatic and medicinal plants (AMPs) and their associated microorganisms for revegetation of degraded sites as they are high-value economic crops. We discussed the effect of various stress on productivity of secondary metabolites in AMPs in addition to the potential health risk with human consumption of these plants and their products. A focus was also given to the effect of HM stress on the essential oil (EO) content of certain AMPs. Reported data showed that AMPs growing on HM-contaminated soils are safe products to use as they are not significantly contaminated themselves by HM.

Chemically degraded soil rehabilitation process using medicinal and aromatic plants: review

In Morocco, as in many countries around the world, mining industry contributes significantly to the national economic development. The importance of this sector is reflected in its contribution to gross domestic product (GDP), its important share in national exports and its beneficial effects on regional and rural development through the creation of new jobs. Both globally and in Africa, the country was able to occupy a prominent place for a number of mineral substances. Morocco is thus the world’s leading exporter of phosphate, ranked as the world’s second-largest producer of barite and one of the main producers of silver in Africa (De Boer et al., 2018; Oshokoya and Tetteh, 2018). This is explained by the existence of a favorable and diversified geological context which has made it possible to develop mining activity in many regions of the national territory. If the socio-economic benefits of mining have been favorable to the country’s development, the same does not apply for its impact on the environment. Indeed, it is well known that mining and metallurgical processes in all their phases, i.e. extraction, processing, transport, and smelting, alters the natural landscape and cause serious environmental impacts (Ainoo et al., 2009; Matschullat and Gutzmer, 2012). In addition, the large * Impacts of mining activities on soil properties: case studies from Morocco mine sites

pdf/impacts-of-mining-activities-on-soil-properties-case-studies-4do91taj6g.pdf

Impacts of mining activities on soil properties: case studies from Morocco mine sites

Waste dumps generated by mining activities contain heavy metals that are dispersed into areas leading to significant environmental contamination. The objectives of this study were (i) to survey native plants and their associated AM fungal communities from waste soils in a Moroccan mine site and (ii) to follow Eucalyptus growth in soil collected from the waste-mine. AM spores from native plant species were collected from the mining site and the surrounding uncontaminated areas were multiplied and inoculated onto Eucalyptus camaldulensis. The results showed that (i) the native plant species recorded in the waste did not show an active metal uptake, (ii) the selected native plant species are associated with AM mycorrhizal fungi and (iii) the use of AM fungi adapted to these drastic conditions can improve the growth of the fast-growing tree, E. camaldulensis and its tolerance to high soil Cu content. In conclusion, it is suggested that in order to define efficient low-cost phytostabilization processes, the use of native resources (i.e., mixtures of native mycorrhizal fungi) in combination with fast-growing tree species such as Eucalyptus, could be used to optimize the establishment of a permanent cover plant in contaminated areas.

High potential of symbiotic interactions between native mycorrhizal fungi and the exotic tree Eucalyptus camaldulensis for phytostabilization of metal-contaminated arid soils

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High potential of symbiotic interactions between native mycorrhizal fungi and the exotic tree Eucalyptus camaldulensis for phytostabilization of metal-contaminated arid soils