Effect of chitosan oligosaccharide-conjugated selenium on improving immune function and blocking gastric cancer growth

Reusing food waste is becoming popular in pharmaceutical industries. Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) rind is commonly discarded as a major solid waste. Here, the in vitro cytotoxic potential of watermelon rind extracts was screened against a panel of human cancer cell lines. Cell cycle analysis was used to determine the induction of cell death, whereas annexin V-FITC binding, caspase-3, BAX, and BCL-2 mRNA expression levels were used to determine the degree of apoptosis. VEGF-promoting angiogenesis and cell migration were also evaluated. Moreover, the identification of phytoconstituents in the rind extract was achieved using UPLC/T-TOF-MS/MS, and a total of 45 bioactive compounds were detected, including phenolic acids, flavonoids aglycones, and their glycoside derivatives. The tested watermelon rind extracts suppressed cell proliferation in seven cancer cell lines in a concentration-dependent manner. The cytotoxicity of the rind aqueous extract (RAE) was higher compared with that of the other extracts. In addition to a substantial inhibitory effect on cell migration, the RAE triggered apoptosis in HCT116 and Hep2 cells by driving the accumulation of cells in the S phase and elevating the activity of caspase-3 and the BAX/BCL-2 ratio. Thus, a complete phytochemical and cytotoxic investigation of the Citrullus lanatus rind extract may identify its potential potency as an anticancer agent.

/pdf/in-vitro-cytotoxic-activity-and-phytochemical-1zab0q49.pdf

In Vitro Cytotoxic Activity and Phytochemical Characterization (UPLC/T-TOF-MS/MS) of the Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) Rind Extract

Background & Objective: To study the immunophenotype of prostate cancer (PC) with the presence and absence of intraluminal inclusions (IIn), depending on the grade score. Methods: A total of 30 PC samples with IIn (group E) and 30 PC samples without them (group C) were studied. These groups were divided into 2 subgroups, depending on the grade of malignancy, which was determined according to the Gleason score as moderate and high-grade tumors. Macroscopic analysis, hematoxylin-eosin staining, immunohistochemistry (androgen receptors, p53 and Bax proteins, Hsp70 and Hsp90, CD68, VEGF, OSN, MMP-1) were used. Results: The expression level of VEGF was higher in the more differentiated tumors of the control group (P<0.01). Increased expression of prognostic-adverse markers p53 (in the presence of IIn, P<0.01) and MMP-1 (P<0.05) was observed. Also, a higher level of OSN expression was found in PC tissue with IIn (P<0.01) due to its participation in the processes of biomineralization. The expression level of CD68 and Bax protein was higher in the PC group with IIn (both P<0.01). Furthermore, Hsp90 had a significantly lower expression level in the PC of group E (P<0.05). Conclusion: the presence of IIn in the PC samples of group E promotes tissue remodeling with mechanical trauma, chronic inflammation, and fibrosis development. The presence of IIn in PC leads to the increase of OSN, CD68 and Bax expression and decrease of Hsp90 and VEGF expression. High expression of p53 and MMP-1 and low expression of OSN and VEGF was identified as a characteristic of high-grade tumors.

http://ijp.iranpath.org/article_36273_4bac9cf822b0e464ebe751bda1b74b80.pdf

Prostate Cancer with Intraluminal Inclusions: the Association of the Immunophenotype with Grade Score.

A gold-coated magnetic nanoparticle (MNPs@Au) based label-free electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) sensor is reported for determining vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in cell cult...

Determination of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) in Cell Culture Medium by Gold-Coated Magnetic Nanoparticle Based Label-Free Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS)

Objective This study aimed to analyze the mechanism of action of Huangqi (Astragalus Radix, HQ) - Jinyingzi (Rosae Laevigatae Fructus, JYZ) in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) based on network pharmacology and to verify the prediction through animal experimentation. Methods Based on the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP), Bioinformatics Analysis Tool for Molecular mechANism of Traditional Chinese Medicine (BATMAN-TCM) databases, and literature, the active components and related target genes of HQ and JYZ were screened. The BPH target genes were screened based on the DisGeNET and GeneGards databases, and Excel was used to merge and remove duplicates. The Perl language was used to obtain drug-BPH target genes by intersecting shared target genes. A drug-component-target gene network diagram was constructed using Cytoscape software. The drug-BPH intersection target genes were inputted into the STRING database, and the key target genes were selected according to the degree algorithm. The output formed the basis for Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses to determine the potential mechanism of HQ and JYZ in BPH treatment. High, medium, and low doses of HQ and JYZ extract were used to intervene in BPH rats, and then the prostate volume, wet weight, and prostate index of the BPH rats were determined. Changes in prostate histopathology and microvessel density (MVD) were evaluated using immunohistochemistry, and the optimal HQ and JYZ extract dose was confirmed. Finally, the optimal dose was used to intervene in a BPH rat model, and AKT1 and VEGF expressions were examined by immunohistochemistry. Results Based on network pharmacology, 33 active components and 772 target genes were identified from HQ and JYZ, along with 817 BPH target genes and 112 drug-BPH common target genes. Among them were 10 key target genes, including AKT1, JUN, MAPK1, IL-6, TNF, ESR1, and VEGFA. KEGG enrichment analysis revealed 135 signaling pathways, including PI3K/AKT, IL-17, TNF, p53, MAPK, VEGF, JAK-STAT, and NF-κB pathways. The animal experiment showed that HQ and JYZ significantly improved prostate volume, wet weight, prostate index, and prostate histopathology of BPH rats, reducing MVD. In addition, HQ and JYZ inhibited the expression of AKT1 and VEGF in the prostate tissue of rats, promoted epithelial cell apoptosis, and inhibited angiogenesis, consistent with the prediction. Conclusion The combination of HQ and JYZ is effective for BPH therapy through multi-compound and multi-target collaboration. Its possible mechanism in treating BPH includes regulation of AKT1, VEGF protein, PI3K/Akt, and VEGF signaling pathways related to apoptosis, angiogenesis, and inflammation, with potential for clinical use and research.

Network pharmacology research and experimental verification of Huangqi (Astragalus Radix) and Jinyingzi (Rosae Laevigatae Fructus) in treating benign prostatic hyperplasia

https://www.ajol.info/index.php/aju/article/download/175808/165232

Angiogenesis in prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia assessed by VEGF and CD-34 IHC: A comparative clinico-pathological study

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Angiogenesis in prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia assessed by VEGF and CD-34 IHC: A comparative clinico-pathological study