This review considers unusual effects in superconductor-ferromagnet structures, in particular, the triplet component of the condensate generated in those systems. This component is odd in frequency and even in momentum, which makes it insensitive to nonmagnetic impurities. If the exchange field is not homogeneous in the system, the triplet component is not destroyed even by a strong exchange field and can penetrate the ferromagnet over long distances. Some other effects considered here and caused by the proximity effect are enhancement of the Josephson current due to the presence of the ferromagnet, induction of a magnetic moment in superconductors resulting in a screening of the magnetic moment, and formation of periodic magnetic structures due to the influence of the superconductor. Finally, theoretical predictions are compared with existing experiments.

https://arxiv.org/pdf/cond-mat/0506047.pdf

Odd triplet superconductivity and related phenomena in superconductor-ferromagnet structures

We study the interplay between magnetism and superconductivity in high-quality YBa_(2)Cu_(3)O_(7)(YBCO)/La_(0.7)Ca_(0.3)MnO_(3)(LCMO) superlattices. We find evidence for the YBCO superconductivity depression in the presence of the LCMO layers. We show that due to its short coherence length, superconductivity survives in the YBCO down to a much smaller thickness in the presence of the magnetic layer than in low Tc superconductors. We also find that for a fixed thickness of the superconducting layer, superconductivity is depressed over a thickness interval of the magnetic layer in the 100 nm range. This is a much longer length scale than that predicted by the theory of ferromagnetic/superconducting proximity effect.

/pdf/ferromagnetic-superconducting-proximity-effect-in-la-0-7-ca-paslrtvear.pdf

Ferromagnetic/superconducting proximity effect in La 0.7 Ca 0.3 MnO 3 /YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-δ superlattices

In the heavy fermion superconductor ${\mathrm{CeCoIn}}_{5}$ ${(T}_{c}=2.3 \mathrm{K})$ the critical field is large, anisotropic, and displays hysteresis. The magnitude of the critical-field anisotropy in the $a\ensuremath{-}c$ plane can be as large as 7 T and depends on orientation. Critical-field measurements in the (110) plane suggest two-dimensional superconductivity, whereas conventional effective-mass anisotropy is observed in the (100) plane. Two distinct field-induced magnetic phases are observed: ${H}_{a}$ appears deep in the superconducting phase, while ${H}_{b}$ intersects ${\mathrm{Hc}}_{2}$ at $T=1.4 \mathrm{K}$ and extends well above ${T}_{c}.$ These observations suggest the possible realization of a direct transition from ferromagnetism to Fulde-Ferrel-Larkin-Ovchinnikov superconductivity in ${\mathrm{CeCoIn}}_{5}.$

https://arxiv.org/pdf/cond-mat/0104179.pdf

Anomalous superconductivity and field-induced magnetism in CeCoIn 5

The oscillation behavior of the superconducting transition temperature ${T}_{c}$ as a function of the ferromagnetic Co layer thickness (${d}_{\mathrm{C}\mathrm{o}}$) has been examined for $\mathrm{N}\mathrm{b}/\mathrm{C}\mathrm{o}$ superconductor(S)/ferromagnetic(F) trilayer series (F/S/F) and pentalayer series (F/S/F/S/F). ${T}_{c}$ of the pentalayer series takes a local maximum between ${d}_{\mathrm{C}\mathrm{o}}=2.0\char21{}3.2\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{n}\mathrm{m}$, where ${T}_{c}$ of the trilayer shows a local minimum. This difference in the ${T}_{c}$ versus ${d}_{\mathrm{C}\mathrm{o}}$ curves provides a clear evidence for the occurrence of the $\ensuremath{\pi}$ phase in the pentalayers, which has been theoretically predicted by Buzdin et al., Radovi\ifmmode \acute{c}\else \'{c}\fi{} et al., and Tagirov.

Evidence for zero- and pi-phase order parameters of superconducting Nb/Co tri- and pentalayers from the oscillatory behavior of the transition temperature.

Superlattices of ðNb10 nm=NitÞ 8 (1 6 t 6 5 nm) have been grown on Si(1 0 0) by magnetron sputtering. Samples show textured growth of Nb(1 1 0) and Ni(1 1 1), with negligible interdiffusion and interface roughness below 0.3 nm. The critical superconducting temperature (Tcs) of these superlattices decreases as the Ni thickness (tNi) increases. Ferromagnetic order in Ni layers is suppressed for tNi < 2:2 nm. We have explored the behavior of these superlattices in the mixed state by measuring the upper critical fields. Critical fields in perpendicular (Hc2?) and parallel (Hc2k) configurations show moderate superlattice-induced anisotropy values, which increase as tNi increases. From Hc2ðT Þ measurements, we have found that superconducting superlattices behave like a three-dimensional system. This dimensional behavior is discussed in terms of coupling of Nb through Ni layers. 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Mixed-state properties of superconducting Nb/Ni superlattices

We have used torque magnetometry to investigate the influence of magnetic spacer layers on the superconductivity in Nb/Co multilayers. Compared to similar systems which have nonmagnetic spacer layers, the samples exhibit two dimensional superconductivity for relatively thin magnetic layer thicknesses ${d}_{\mathrm{Co}},$ reflecting the effects of magnetic pair breaking. Moreover, the transition temperature to the superconducting state ${T}_{c}$ shows a nonmonatonic dependence on ${d}_{\mathrm{Co}},$ which we examine within the framework of recent theories.

Interplay between magnetism and superconductivity in Nb/Co multilayers

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Interplay between magnetism and superconductivity in Nb/Co multilayers