The authors give a brief historic perspective of the coupled mode theory. The development and applications of the theory in microwaves in early years and in optoelectronics and fiber optics in recent years are described. They then consider lossless coupling of two modes in time. Two coupled resonance circuits, or two coupled microwave or optical resonators, are the physical examples. The start-up of a parametric oscillator is another example. Then they look at the formal derivation of coupled mode theory and consider the more general case when the modes are not energy-orthogonal and the energies are not necessarily positive. A more detailed account of the nonorthogonal coupled mode theory developed in the last five years for optical waveguides is given. >

Coupled-mode theory

Integrated optics and new wave phenomena in optical waveguides

Two complementary delineation criteria are presented which provide guidelines to the design of relatively short, low-loss tapered fibres and devices. They are used to explain anomalous loss effects in depressed-cladding and W-fibres, as well as the difficulty in fabricating low-loss devices by tapering such fibres. Practical application of the criteria to couplers, beam expanders and abrupt taper filters is summarised. The accompanying paper provides both experimental and theoretical justification for the delineation criteria.

Tapered single-mode fibres and devices. I. Adiabaticity criteria

This paper deals with the theory and device applications of periodic thin-film waveguides. Topics treated include mode solutions, optical filters, distributed feedback lasers (DFB), distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) lasers, grating couplers, and phase matching in nonlinear interactions.

/pdf/periodic-structures-for-integrated-optics-inegvy8lro.pdf

Periodic structures for integrated optics

Photonic lanterns are made by adiabatically merging several single-mode cores into one multimode core. They provide low-loss interfaces between single-mode and multimode systems, where the precise optical mapping between cores and individual modes is unimportant.

The photonic lantern

Mode coupling in optical waveguide horns is described in detail. Analytic approximations for the coupling constant and phase difference are derived. For a parabolic-shaped horn an expression for the power transferred out of the lowest order mode is obtained, which demonstrates that long structures will be needed to maintain adiabatic operation.

Mode coupling in optical waveguide horns

Star and access couplers for multichannel fiber cables

Nonreciprocal access to multiterminal optical data highways

The mode-conversion behavior of branching or separating planar-dielectric waveguides is studied theoretically as a function of branch asymmetry and taper slope. When the taper slope is large in a near-symmetric structure, considerable mode conversion will occur and the structure will act as a power divider. In an asymmetric structure with small taper slope, mode conversion is negligible and the structure will act as a mode splitter. A quantitative formula is presented which can be used to determine the behavior of a given separating structure.

Mode conversion in planar-dielectric separating waveguides

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Papers

Mode coupling in optical waveguide horns

Star and access couplers for multichannel fiber cables

Nonreciprocal access to multiterminal optical data highways

Mode conversion in planar-dielectric separating waveguides