Overview of oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Africa: From invasion, bio-ecology to sustainable management

This paper evaluated the economic benefits of managing mango-infesting fruit flies in Embu County, Kenya using an integrated pest management (IPM) package composed of male annihilation technique (MAT), protein bait spray, releases of exotic parasitoid Fopius arisanus and the use of augmentorium. The difference-in-difference (DiD) method was used to assess the impact of the mango IPM on the magnitude of mango rejection and insecticide expenditure and net income. The study revealed that,on average, mango IPM participants had an approximately 54.5% reduction in the magnitude of mango rejection; spent 46.3% less on insecticide per acre and received approximately 22.4% more net income than the non-participants. This implies a high economic benefit from the application of the fruit fly IPM technology, and mango farmers would profit significantly if the intervention was expanded to provide wide coverage of other mango-growing areas in Kenya.

Economic Evaluation of Integrated Management of Fruit Fly in Mango Production in Embu County, Kenya

New website on invasive fruit fly pests in Africa.

Tephritid fruit flies are considered one of the world’s most notorious pests of horticultural crops, causing extensive direct and indirect damage. Over the past two decades, a comprehensive, integrated pest management (IPM) package for the management of a plethora of fruit fly pests, including Bactrocera dorsalis, B. latifrons, B. zonata, Ceratitis cosyra, C. rosa, C. fasciventris, C. quilici, C. capitata, Dacus spp. and Zeugodacus cucurbitae, has been developed, disseminated and promoted among horticultural growers in Africa. To estimate the numbers of beneficiaries reached by the fruit fly IPM technology and the barriers to technology uptake, we interviewed 290 experts in 30 African countries covering five regions of the continent, and the responses collected were represented as follows: Southern Africa (39.1%), Eastern Africa (31.6%), Western Africa (18.0%), Central Africa (9.0%) and Northern Africa (2.0%). Our results revealed that the use of fruit fly IPM technologies varied across the regions, with Eastern Africa and Western Africa the leading regions, with the highest IPM technology penetration. Field sanitation remains the most common practice for managing fruit flies, followed by protein bait spray, use of biopesticides, male annihilation technique and parasitoid releases. According to the survey, over 101 million people have benefited from the fruit fly IPM interventions in the countries surveyed representing only 19.1% of the estimated beneficiaries. The region that benefitted the most was Eastern Africa (50.2 million), followed by Central and Western Africa (11.7 to 17.7 million), and Southern and Northern Africa had the fewest beneficiaries (10.4 to 11.0 million). The limitations to the IPM technologies uptake varied among the regions, but the common ones include a lack of awareness of the IPM technologies, a lack of access to the IPM products, insufficient training, a low involvement of private sectors and a lack of policies for the regulation of IPM technologies. Although significant strides have been made in promoting the fruit fly IPM technologies over the past two decades, our study reveals that the demand surpasses the current supply. Our study recommends a comprehensive strategy for the dissemination and promotion of the technologies through a multi-institutional alliance that enhances public and private partnerships, digital platforms and youth engagement to consolidate previous gains at the regional and continental levels.

https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/5/2954/pdf

Insight on Fruit Fly IPM Technology Uptake and Barriers to Scaling in Africa

Mango is the most widely cultivated fruit tree in tropical and sub-tropical Africa. However, the sustainability of this lucrative business is threatened by infestations of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) that annually inflict heavy economic losses on the industry. The nutritional quality of different fruit species can influence the survival and fecundity of adult fruit flies. This host-insect interaction determines the species composition, distribution and abundance of the major frugivorous tephritids. The economic impact of fruit fly pest species includes direct yield losses and the loss of export markets due to quarantine restrictions implemented to prevent the entry and establishment of exotic fruit fly species in importing countries. The economically important tephritid fruit flies attacking mango in Africa can be divided into two major categories based primarily on their origin, i.e., invasive (Bactrocera dorsalis, Bactrocera zonata and Zeugodacus cucurbitae) and indigenous species (Ceratitis anonae, Ceratitis capitata, Ceratitis catoirii, Ceratitis cosyra, Ceratitis ditissima, Ceratitis fasciventris, Ceratitis quinaria, Ceratitis rosa [recent taxonomic advances have separated C. rosa into two species; C. rosa and C. quilicii], Ceratitis silvestrii, Dacus ciliatus and some unverified records of Ceratitis punctata and Dacus bivittatus). These species are known to have a wide host range and distribution across Africa. Their distribution is also influenced by competitive interactions between native and indigenous species. The host plant status and distribution of fruit fly species is an evolving phenomenon largely due to new invasions, misidentification and identification of hitherto unknown species. For this reason this review provides the current situation but should be updated on a regular basis.

Fruit Fly Species Composition, Distribution and Host Plants with Emphasis on Mango-Infesting Species

Fruit flies (Diptera: Tephtritidae) are one of the most important insect pests to fruits worldwide. In Uganda, fruit flies have inflicted considerable yield losses especially in mangos ( Mangifera indica L.), However, there has been no recent assessment of the associated economic damage impact despite the outcries from the farming communities. The objective of this study was to assess fruit fly prevalence and infestation in mango and other hosts, to guide the development and improvement of fruit fly control measures in the mango industry in Uganda. A survey was conducted in the major mango producing areas of the country. Four fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) species were recovered from various field-collected fruits; namely Bactrocera invadens , Ceratitis cosyra , Ceratitis rosa and Ceratitis capitata . Bactrocera invadens was the most prevalent species (98%), while C. capitata was the populous. A total of 73% of the mango fruit samples collected from seven agro-ecological zones was found infested with fruit fly larvae. Fruit samples from West Nile had the highest infestation (83%), followed by Northern Moist, Lake Victoria Crescent, and Western Medium High Farmland, with 78, 75 and 73% fruit fly infestation, respectively. It was common to experience 100% fruit losses across the agro-ecological zones in the absence of control measures. The situation was increasingly severest with exotic commercial varieties. Besides mangoes, over 15 other cultivated and wild fruits acted as alternative hosts to the fruit flies. Key words : Bactrocera invadens, Diptera, Mangifera indica

/pdf/fruit-fly-infestation-in-mango-a-threat-to-the-horticultural-1bx8su16r2.pdf

Fruit fly infestation in mango: A threat to the Horticultural sector in Uganda

The species diversity of tephritid fruit flies in major mango-growing regions in Uganda was monitored over a 2-year period (2010-2012) using fruit bait and lure traps. A total of 368,332 specimens belonging to 10 species in four genera (Bactrocera, Ceratitis, Trirhithrum and Dacus) were collected. Of these, 98.9% belonged to Bactrocera invadens, while the second and third most common species were Dacus bivittatus (0.4%) and Ceratitis anonae (0.3%), respectively. Significant differences in the evenness and diversity of fruit fly species were noted across the regions. Fruit fly community structure was significantly different across the three regions. The Lake Victoria Crescent and Mbale Farmlands harboured significantly more D. ciliatus, T. coffeae, D. bivittatus and B. Cucurbitae in contrast to the Northern Moist Farmlands and the Western Medium High Farmlands. Ceratitis rosa contributed the highest difference in regional structure, followed by C. fasciventris and C. cosyra. Rank abundance curves depicted a geometric series distribution of the species composition in the three regions, confirming a scenario of competitive displacement of native fruit fly species by B. invadens. A comprehensive and sustainable response strategy to B. invadens and other fruit flies needs to be urgently devised to protect the horticulture industry in Uganda.

Species composition and community structure of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) across major mango-growing regions in Uganda

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

A. Mayamba

Author Tools

Chat about Author

Papers

Fruit fly infestation in mango: A threat to the Horticultural sector in Uganda

Species composition and community structure of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) across major mango-growing regions in Uganda