Solid-state switch-mode rectification converters have reached a matured level for improving power quality in terms of power-factor correction (PFC), reduced total harmonic distortion at input AC mains and precisely regulated DC output in buck, boost, buck-boost and multilevel modes with unidirectional and bidirectional power flow. This paper deals with a comprehensive review of improved power quality converters (IPQCs) configurations, control approaches, design features, selection of components, other related considerations, and their suitability and selection for specific applications. It is targeted to provide a wide spectrum on the status of IPQC technology to researchers, designers and application engineers working on switched-mode AC-DC converters. A classified list of more than 450 research publications on the state of art of IPQC is also given for a quick reference.

/pdf/a-review-of-single-phase-improved-power-quality-ac-dc-2pm6h4zjxq.pdf

A review of single-phase improved power quality AC-DC converters

In the first part of this paper, three-phase power factor correction (PFC) rectifier topologies with sinusoidal input currents and controlled output voltage are derived from known single-phase PFC rectifier systems and/or passive three-phase diode rectifiers. The systems are classified into hybrid and fully active pulsewidth modulation boost-type or buck-type rectifiers, and their functionality and basic control concepts are briefly described. This facilitates the understanding of the operating principle of three-phase PFC rectifiers starting from single-phase systems, and organizes and completes the knowledge base with a new hybrid three-phase buck-type PFC rectifier topology denominated as Swiss Rectifier. Finally, core topics of future research on three-phase PFC rectifier systems are discussed, such as the analysis of novel hybrid buck-type PFC rectifier topologies, the direct input current control of buck-type systems, and the multi-objective optimization of PFC rectifier systems. The second part of this paper is dedicated to a comparative evaluation of four rectifier systems offering a high potential for industrial applications based on simple and demonstrative performance metrics concerning the semiconductor stresses, the loading and volume of the main passive components, the differential mode and common mode electromagnetic interference noise level, and ultimately the achievable converter efficiency and power density. The results are substantiated with selected examples of hardware prototypes that are optimized for efficiency and/or power density.

The Essence of Three-Phase PFC Rectifier Systems—Part II

Current regulation techniques for pulsewidth-modulated (PWM) voltage source inverters (VSIs) can be classified as either linear or nonlinear. Linear techniques consist principally of either a proportional-integral (PI) or a predictive current control strategy, while nonlinear schemes are usually based on a hysteresis strategy. Of the two linear strategies, predictive current control offers the advantages of precise current tracking with minimal distortion and can also be fully implemented on a digital platform. However, the conventional implementation of the predictive current regulation (PCR) algorithm is sensitive to noise and errors in the load inductance estimate, particularly when the back EMF is also estimated. This paper presents an improved PCR algorithm that retains all the benefits associated with PCR while achieving significantly increased robustness to load parameter mismatch and reduced zero current clamped oscillation effects. It is also relatively insensitive to noise in the sampled current measurements. The algorithm is equally applicable to variable fundamental frequency applications such as variable speed drives and to fixed fundamental frequency applications such as PWM rectifier systems or active filters. Simulation and experimental results are presented to confirm the improved robustness of the new algorithm.

An improved robust predictive current regulation algorithm

Based on a comprehensive study of the literature, concepts of three-phase rectifier systems with low effects on the mains are classified. Such systems are unidirectional and bidirectional self-commutated power converters with impressed output voltage or output current and line-commutated rectification in connection with passive and active filtering. Selected circuit concepts are analyzed concerning the operational behavior and the obtainable quality of the mains current. Furthermore, an evaluation of the rectifier concepts concerning utilization of the power semiconductors, rated power of the inductive and capacitive components and of the realization effort in general is given. Finally, problems of the practical application of high switching frequency PWM rectifier systems and topics of further research are discussed.

Status of the techniques of three-phase rectifier systems with low effects on the mains

In this paper, an innovative method to minimize the intermediate dc-link capacitance in a cascaded two-stage combination of a three-phase six-switch power factor correction (PFC) and phase-shifted full-bridge (PSFB) dc/dc stage is introduced and analyzed. The proposed strategy has a significant impact on the minimization of the overall system weight and volume. Fundamentally, the method is based on minimizing the switching fundamental component of the dc-link current and is established by imposing a separate constraint on the phase duty ratios without compromising the unity PFC action. Furthermore, the control loop takes care of regulating the intermediate dc-link voltage along with the final output voltage. A 6 kW laboratory prototype of the integrated three-phase PFC and PSFB dc/dc as a part of auxiliary power unit in more-electric airplanes is developed and designed to validate the proposed algorithm. The experimental results show a conversion efficiency of 95.4% at full load, input total harmonic distortion of 4.1%, power factor of 0.998, output voltage ripple of ±1%, and a reduction of dc-link capacitor by 60%.

Intermediate DC-Link Capacitor Reduction in a Two-Stage Cascaded AC/DC Converter for More Electric Aircrafts

A simple and economical three-phase boost-mode PFC rectifier is proposed in this paper. The new rectifier is obtained by simplifying the power-circuit of the previously proposed third-harmonic-current modulation scheme and employing a newly developed current-synthesis and modulation technique. Unlike the conventional third-harmonic-current modulation rectifier consisting of a split output-circuit, the proposed rectifier employs a unified output-circuit to simplify the power-circuit and output-voltage control. Further, a unique input-current synthesis is developed to improve the current-waveform. Comparing with the conventional rectifier, the new rectifier obtains a simpler power-circuit, higher-quality of the input-current and a wider DC-voltage regulation-range (or lower minimum output-voltage). In the following, theories of the proposed current-synthesis and the modulation are described. Then experimental waveforms are shown to confirm the validity of the theories and applicability of the rectifier in practice.

A simple three-phase boost-mode PFC rectifier

An analog controller-based predictive instantaneous current control scheme for single-phase and three-phase voltage-fed power factor correction (PFC) power converters are proposed in this paper. Through a modification of the original control scheme for digital controller-based single-phase power converters, a simplified analog controller-based single-phase version is obtained. On the other hand, a phase decoupling technique is developed to apply the single-phase version to three-phase power converters. By combining the single-phase analog version and the phase decoupling technique, a simple three-phase version is obtained. In this paper, theories of the analog controller version for single-phase power converters and the combined three-phase version are discussed. Further, experimental results for single-phase and three-phase power converters are shown to confirm the validity of these theories.

https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel3/3585/10697/00498995.pdf

Simplified predictive-instantaneous-current-control for single-phase and three-phase voltage-fed PFC converters

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A simple three-phase boost-mode PFC rectifier

Simplified predictive-instantaneous-current-control for single-phase and three-phase voltage-fed PFC converters