By means of reflecting the output radiation from a wideband Bragg reflector, a multifrequency radiation source was experimentally implemented based on a continuous wave (CW) helical gyroresonance traveling-wave tube (gyro-TWT) with an operating frequency of about 24 GHz. Oscillation regimes were obtained with distances between the spectral component at 93–122, 193–239, 311–376, 496, 624, and 736 MHz, corresponding to excitation of various combinations of longitudinal modes. Existence of regimes with the second spectral component in intensity at the same level as the intensity at the central frequency was demonstrated, which are of significant interest for multifrequency plasma heating applications.

CW Multifrequency K -Band Source Based on a Helical-Waveguide Gyro-TWT With Delayed Feedback

Ion source development over the last 20 years at the IMP is reviewed. For versatile purposes, several types of ion sources have been involved in the research and development work at the IMP, i.e., the highly charged ECR (Electron Cyclotron Resonance) ion source, intense microwave ion source or the 2.45 GHz intense beam ECR ion source, and laser ion source (LIS). In the development of ECR ion sources, SECRAL (Superconducting ECR ion source with Advanced design in Lanzhou), Lanzhou ECR ion source, and Lanzhou all permanent magnet ECR ion source series have been made, which can cover the operation microwave frequency range of 10–28 GHz. The LIS with an Nd:YAG laser with a maximum output energy of 8 J in 8 ns pulse duration has been developed for very intense short pulse ion beams from solid materials such as C, Ti, Ni, Ag, and so on. Microwave ion sources have been built to produce intense pulsed or direct current beams from several mA to 100 mA for either high intensity accelerators or applications. This paper will give an overview of the high intensity ion source development at the IMP, especially on the recent progress and new results, such as the status of the fourth generation ECR ion source (first fourth generation ECR ion source), the production of recorded highly charged ion beams with SECRAL sources, key technology research studies, and so on.

Overview of high intensity ion source development in the past 20 years at IMP.

The Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source (ECRIS) has transformed the nuclear physics research field over the last 47 years. Today, the performance of ion sources is the first parameter that defines the design performance of existing facilities as well as the design approach and performance of new facilities. In this paper, I will review the current "state of the art" performance capabilities for ECRISs as well as other ion sources and how those current capabilities form the primary design criteria for new nuclear physics facilities and set the limiting performance for existing facilities. I will close with a short-term look into the future for these ion sources and other competing types.

Review of high intensity ion source development and operation

/pdf/preface-invited-papers-from-the-17th-annual-international-4irx4a47bk.pdf

Preface: Invited Papers from the 17th Annual International Conference on Ion Sources

A Study of Generation of Wideband Chaotic Radiation in a W-Band Traveling-Wave Tube with Delayed Feedback

The conceptual design of a fourth generation hybrid electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion source operated at 60 GHz is proposed. The axial magnetic mirror is generated with a set of three Nb3Sn coils, while the hexapole is made with room temperature (RT) copper coils. The motivations for such a hybrid development are to study further the ECR plasma physics and the intense multicharged ion beams' production and transport at a time when a superconducting (SC) hexapole appears unrealistic at 60 GHz. The RT hexapole coil designed is an evolution of the polyhelix technology developed at the French High Magnetic Field Facility. The axial magnetic field is generated by means of 3 Nb3Sn SC coils operated with a maximum current density of 350 A/mm2 and a maximum coil load line factor of 81%. The ECR plasma chamber resulting from the design features an inner radius of 94 mm and a length of 500 mm. The radial magnetic intensity is 4.1 T at the wall. Characteristic axial mirror peaks are 8 and 4.5 T, with 1.45 T minimum in between.

Prospect for a 60 GHz multicharged ECR ion source.

Two versions of the 18 GHz PHOENIX ECR ion source have been developed in the framework of the SPIRAL2 project. The former design (V2) has a compact plasma chamber volume of 0.6 liter with a diameter of 62 mm. A new design (V3) has been developed at LPSC with a larger diameter of 89 mm (chamber volume 1.4 liter) with enhanced pumping features. Since the two versions have nearly the same axial mirror structure and the same radial magnetic field intensity at the wall, it is of interest to compare their performances as a function of the plasma chamber radius. Experiments have shown an improvement of high charge state production of Argon between V2 (45 µA Ar14+, 6 µA Ar16+) and V3 (120 µA Ar14+, 58 µA Ar16+). Results are discussed and explained as a consequence of the increase of the ECR zone volume.

Effect of the plasma chamber radius on the high charge state production in an ECR ion source

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Prospect for a 60 GHz multicharged ECR ion source.

Effect of the plasma chamber radius on the high charge state production in an ECR ion source