We undertook a systematic review of studies assessing the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and measured obesity in low- and middle-income countries (defined by the World Bank as countries with per capita income up to US$12,275) among children, men and women. The evidence on the subject has grown significantly since an earlier influential review was published in 2004. We find that in low-income countries or in countries with low human development index (HDI), the association between SES and obesity appears to be positive for both men and women: the more affluent and/or those with higher educational attainment tend to be more likely to be obese. However, in middle-income countries or in countries with medium HDI, the association becomes largely mixed for men and mainly negative for women. This particular shift appears to occur at an even lower level of per capita income than suggested by an influential earlier review. By contrast, obesity in children appears to be predominantly a problem of the rich in low- and middle-income countries.

/pdf/obesity-and-socioeconomic-status-in-developing-countries-a-4ie0decgo5.pdf

Obesity and socioeconomic status in developing countries: a systematic review.

Stunting prevalence in Indonesia has been almost stagnant at 37% from year 2007 to 2013. With the cutoff point greater than 20%, WHO classified Indonesia has a public health problem. The purpose of this review is to analyze policy related problems and gaps that could be filled as a policy option. Policy analysis was conducted through searching and analyzing legal documents, policy as well as programs following the policy formulation. Finally, round table discussion inviting experts was conducted to construct a recommendation. Stunting prevalence has barely reducing within the last ten year which was only 4% from 1992 to 2013, though programs and budget allocation has been made, even scaling up nutrition is mentioned in Presidential Regulation no.42/2013 through National Movement of First Thousand Days of Life. Stunting has a long term effect that bring about non communicable diseases causing economic burden, although stunting can be corrected. Serious integrated effort should be taken into account at all levels as a policy recommendation. Mothers or future brides should be given information of healthy pregnancy and nutrition. Exclusive breast feeding should be done mandatory to healthy delivery mothers. In addition, proper complementary feeding should be well understood by mothers and health workers. Keywords: stunting, policy analysis, Indonesia Abstrak Prevalensi stunting di Indonesia memiliki angka cukup stagnan dari tahun 2007 hingga 2013. WHO menetapkan batasan masalah gizi tidak lebih dari 20%, sehingga dengan demikian Indonesia termasuk dalam negara yang memiliki masalah kesehatan masyarakat. Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk mengkaji kebijakan dan kesenjangan yang dapat dipecahkan melalui opsi kebijakan melalui analisis dokumen legal dan literatur lainnya serta program yang telah dikembangkan. Kemudian dilakukan forum diskusi dengan melibatkan pakar dalam menyusun hasil sebagai opsi kebijakan. Penurunan angka stunting hanya mencapai 4% antara tahun 1992 hingga 2013. Perpres no. 42/2013 telah menetapkan Gerakan Nasional Seribu Hari Pertama Kehidupan dalam upaya meningkatkan status gizi balita yang diikuti oleh pengembangan program termasuk anggarannya. Stunting memiliki risiko panjang yakni PTM pada usia dewasa, walaupun masih dapat dikoreksi pada usia dini. Upaya penurunan masalah gizi harus ditangani secara lintas sektoral di semua lini. Ibu dan calon pengantin harus dibekali dengan pengetahuan cukup tentang gizi dan kehamilan, ASI Eksklusif pada ibu bersalin yang sehat. Selanjutnya MPASI harus dipahami oleh para ibu dan tenaga kesehatan secara optimal. Kata kunci: stunting, policy analysis, Indonesia

Kajian Kebijakan dan Penanggulangan Masalah Gizi Stunting di Indonesia

Child malnutrition is a major public health concern worldwide, leading to higher morbidity and mortality. It is mostly preventable through public health and economic development. The aim of the present study was to determine socio-economic factors associated with nutritional status among children in plantation communities, Sri Lanka. A cross-sectional study was performed among preschool and school going children in three rural communities of Sri Lanka from January to August 2014. Demographic and household characteristics were documented and anthropometric measurements were collected to calculate weight-for-age (WAZ), height-for-age (HAZ) and BMI-for-age (BAZ). Anthroplus, epiinfo and SPSS versions were used for the analysis of data. A total of 547 children (aged 1–15 years, mean 7.0 ± 3.6 years, 53% female) participated in the study. 35.6%, 26.9% and 32.9% of children were underweight, stunting and wasting respectively. Undernutrition was more common in primary school children. Maternal employment, high number of siblings, high birth orders and female children were significantly associated with undernutrition among preschool children. Living in small houses, large number of family members, low monthly income and maternal employment were significantly associated with undernutrition among school children. Child undernutrition is a major public health concern in the plantation sector, Sri Lanka. Health education programs among the study population could be effective for solving the problem.

/pdf/nutritional-status-and-correlated-socio-economic-factors-xvffe1i8i1.pdf

Nutritional status and correlated socio-economic factors among preschool and school children in plantation communities, Sri Lanka.

Obesity and overweight are rising worldwide while underweight rates persist in low-income countries. The aim of this study was to examine changes in the prevalence of underweight and overweight/obesity among non-pregnant women aged 15-49 years, and its socio-demographic correlates in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The data are from 2000, 2005 and 2011 nationally representative Ethiopian Demographic and Health Surveys in Addis Ababa. The dependent variable was women’s nutritional status measured in terms of body mass index coded in binary outcomes to examine risk of being underweight ( 25 kg/m2 vs. ≤25 kg/m2). Logistic regression models were used to estimate the strength of associations. The prevalence of overweight/obesity increased significantly by 28%; while underweight decreased by 21% between 2000 and 2011. Specifically, the prevalence of urban obesity increased by 43.3% i.e., from 3.0% to 4.3% in about 15 years. Overall, more than one-third (34.7%) of women in Addis Ababa were either under or overweight. Women’s age and proxies for high socio-economic status (i.e. household wealth quintile, educational attainment, access to improved source of drinking water, and television watching) were positively associated with being overweight. The correlates of underweight were young age and proxies for low socio-economic status (i.e. low wealth quintile, limited access to improved source of water or toilet facility). There is a need for policies to recognize the simultaneous public health problems of under and overnutrition, and for programs to target the distinct populations that suffer from these nutrition problems in this urban area.

/pdf/the-burden-of-underweight-and-overweight-among-women-in-4c32kj69ki.pdf

The burden of underweight and overweight among women in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Aim: Worldwide obesity levels have increased unprecedentedly over the past couple of decades. Although the prevalence, trends and associated socio-economic factors of the condition have been extensively reported in Western populations, less is known regarding South Asian populations. Methods: A review of articles using Medline with combinations of the MeSH terms: ‘Obesity’, ‘Overweight’ and ‘Abdominal Obesity’ limiting to epidemiology and South Asian countries. Results: Despite methodological heterogeneity and variation according to country, area of residence and gender , the most recent nationally representative and large regional data demonstrates that without any doubt there is a epidemic of obesity, overweight and abdominal obesity in South Asian countries. Prevalence estimates of overweight and obesity (based on Asian cut-offs: overweight ≥ 23 kg/m 2 , obesity ≥ 25 kg/m 2 ) ranged from 3.5% in rural Bangladesh to over 65% in the Maldives. Abdominal obesity was more prevalent than general obesity in both sexes in this ethnic group. Countries with the lowest prevalence had the highest upward trend of obesity. Socio-economic factors associated with greater obesity in the region included female gender, middle age, urban residence, higher educational and economic status. Conclusion: South Asia is significantly affected by the obesity epidemic. Collaborative public health interventions to reverse these trends need to be mindful of many socio-economic constraints in order to provide long-term solutions.

/pdf/prevalence-trends-and-associated-socio-economic-factors-of-ijpa871klo.pdf

Prevalence, trends and associated socio-economic factors of obesity in South Asia.

Introduction: Extremes of body mass index (BMI), viz underweight, overweight and obese categories, are associated with a variety of adverse health outcomes such as diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, low birth weight, poor quality of life and higher mortality In Bangladesh, the prevalence of underweightness is very high with an increasing trend of overweightness and obesity This is a serious public health concern as it indicates a dual burden of disease The present study assessed the associations of being underweight, overweight and obese with socioeconomic, demographical and migration variables among ever-married nonpregnant urban Bangladeshi women aged 13-49 years Methods: The data was extracted from the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2004 Bivariable, factor and multinomial logistic regression analyses were performed in this study Results: The prevalence of being underweight, overweight and obese among ever-married nonpregnant urban women in Bangladesh was 252 percent, 157 percent and 39 percent, respectively Age, education, region of residence, marital status, current use of contraception and type of occupation were significantly associated with BMI categories Adjusted multinomial logistic regression analysis indicated that women with a high socioeconomic status were significantly negatively associated with being underweight (odds ratio [OR] 055, 95 percent confidence interval [CI] 048-063) but positively associated with being overweight (OR 170, 95 percent CI 148-196) and obese (OR 248, 95 percent CI 189-326), as compared to the women with normal BMI In contrast, women who migrated from rural to urban areas showed a significantly positive association with being underweight (OR 115, 95 percent CI 104-127) but negative associations with being overweight (OR 080, 95 percent CI 071-089) and obese (OR 075, 95 percent CI 062-092), when compared with women who did not migrate Conclusion: Suitable interventions based on further studies are needed to reduce the prevalence of being underweight and overweight among ever-married non-pregnant urban women in Bangladesh Factors, viz socioeconomic status, rural-urban migration and education, should be considered while developing interventional strategies to reduce the prevalence of extreme BMIs among women living in urban areas of Bangladesh

Factors associated with being underweight, overweight and obese among ever-married non-pregnant urban women in Bangladesh.

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

A. Kraemer

Author Tools

Chat about Author

Papers

Factors associated with being underweight, overweight and obese among ever-married non-pregnant urban women in Bangladesh.