Atomic negative ions: structure, dynamics and collisions

This paper presents an analytical solver which is known as a generalization of types methodologies. With the proposed method, one of the old but at the same time popular problem is considered, which is known as nonlinear Zoomeron equation, and its analytical solutions are tried to obtain. Moreover, the known solutions, many new analytical solutions are obtained via the proposed method. Plotting some simulations of the solutions, we can present a conclusion.

Novel explicit solutions for the nonlinear Zoomeron equation by using newly extended direct algebraic technique

Chlorophyll a fluorescence has been extensively studied over the last few years. As demonstrated, this phenomenon is closely related to the state of photosystem II, which plays a leading role in the photosynthetic process, and therefore it has become a powerful tool to investigate this complex and any damage occurring in it as a result of physical or chemical stresses. This means that by using photosynthetic organisms as biological probes, one can consider chlorophyll a fluorescence as one of the techniques of choice to reveal the presence of some hazardous toxicants widely spread in the environment. Herbicides, pesticides, and heavy metals, whose concentration in water and food products is generally subject to extremely severe restrictions, are a concrete example of compounds detectable by chlorophyll a fluorescence. These dangerous substances react with the photosystem II, modifying the fluorescence emitted and giving responses which vary in a concentration-dependent manner. The possibility of performing easy, fast, and direct measurements of the fluorescence, even under light conditions, has opened new frontiers for the analysis in situ of pollutants. The aim of this review is to give an overview of the different techniques based on chlorophyll a fluorescence spectrometry, focusing in particular on those which represented the starting point for applications addressed to the assessment of toxic compounds in environmental samples.

Technological applications of chlorophyll a fluorescence for the assessment of environmental pollutants

Human beings hold higher intelligence than other animals on Earth; however, it is still unclear which brain properties might explain the underlying mechanisms. The brain is a major energy-consuming organ compared with other organs. Neural signal communications and information processing in neural circuits play an important role in the realization of various neural functions, whereas improvement in cognitive function is driven by the need for more effective communication that requires less energy. Combining the ultraweak biophoton imaging system (UBIS) with the biophoton spectral analysis device (BSAD), we found that glutamate-induced biophotonic activities and transmission in the brain, which has recently been demonstrated as a novel neural signal communication mechanism, present a spectral redshift from animals (in order of bullfrog, mouse, chicken, pig, and monkey) to humans, even up to a near-infrared wavelength (∼865 nm) in the human brain. This brain property may be a key biophysical basis for explaining high intelligence in humans because biophoton spectral redshift could be a more economical and effective measure of biophotonic signal communications and information processing in the human brain.

https://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/113/31/8753.full.pdf

Human high intelligence is involved in spectral redshift of biophotonic activities in the brain

A portable fibre-probe fluorescence detection system comprising a continuous-wave high-power ultraviolet light emitting diode (UV LED) emitting at 365 nm as excitation source, a bifurcated fibre probe with a six-around-one fibre configuration to illuminate and read from a large target area (~3.6 mm2) and an integrated PC-coupled spectrometer has been developed. The construction, calibration and operation of the fluorescence detection system are described. Demonstrative test measurements with the system for possible inspection of different ripening stages on some batches of horticultural and agricultural products (lemon, mandarin, banana leaf and ivy leaf) have been performed and results presented. The system is portable, comparatively low cost, easily operated and relative immune to ambient light, thus being suitable for field measurements.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0957-0233/19/2/025601/pdf

A portable fibre-probe ultraviolet light emitting diode (LED)-induced fluorescence detection system

Laser-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (LICF) emission spectra of leaves of some tropical plants were measured using a compact fiber-optic fluorosensor with a continuous-wave blue diode laser as exciting source and an integrated digital spectrometer. Different chlorophyll-fluorescence signatures of light-green, fully-green, and yellow leaves were monitored at room temperature. Deconvolution procedure was used to determine fluorescence band position and width. Calibration of the fluorescence ratio F690/F730 relative to the 404 nm excitation is done from the curve-fitted parameter.

/pdf/analysis-of-chlorophyll-fluorescence-spectra-in-some-50ltwc0x4k.pdf

Analysis of Chlorophyll Fluorescence Spectra in Some Tropical Plants

In this paper, we calculate energies for ns2 1S, np2 1D, nd2 1G, nf2 1I, 3snp 1,3P°, 3s3d 1,3D and 3p3d 1,3F° doubly excited states (DES) of the helium isoelectronic sequence using the screening constant by unit nuclear charge (SCUNC) method in the framework of a semi-empirical procedure. Calculations are performed for total energies of low-lying DES (n≤ 5) in He-like ions with 2≤Z≤ 10. The possibility of using the SCUNC method in the investigation of high-lying DES in two-electron systems is demonstrated in the present paper in the case of ns2 1S levels, where accurate energy positions are tabulated up to n=20 and compared to the spin-dependent localized Hartree–Fock density functional (SLHF) with exchange-correlation (XC) potential calculations (Zhou and Chu 2005 Phys. Rev. A 71 022513) and to the works-function (WF)-based exchange (WF XC) potential approach values (Roy and Chu 2005 Phys. Rev. A 71 022513). In addition, the present method is used in the calculation of energy resonances for ns2 1S, np2 1D and nd2 1G excited states (n≤ 5) in high-Z-helium-like ions (11≤Z≤ 19), and a comparison with the double sums over the complete hydrogen spectrum calculations (Ivanov and Safronova 1993 Opt. Spektrosk. 75 506) is made. All the results obtained in the present work agree with the available literature values.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0031-8949/82/03/035301/pdf

Calculations of (nl)2 and (3lnl′) autoionizing states in two-electron systems

The 2snp±1,3Po doubly excited states with n≤6 of helium-like ions are investigated using screening constant by unit nuclear charge (SCUNC). Calculations are performed for total energies, excitation energies and total Coulomb interaction energies between the two electrons in He-isoelectronic series up to Z=10. The results obtained agree with the available theoretical and experimental literature values.

Investigation of 2snp ±1,3 P o resonances of two-electron systems using the screening constant by unit nuclear charge method

In the present paper, special type of trial wave functions combining Hylleraas and incomplete hydrogenic wave functions have been used in the study of the energies of the intrashell nl'nl singlet doubly excited states of He iso-electronic series with n ≤ 4. Calculations of the total energies of the two electron systems are done in the framework of the variation method by using a real Hamiltonian. The results which we have obtained are in good agreement with some experimental data and other theoretical results.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1238/Physica.Regular.072a00373/pdf

Calculations of Doubly Excited 1Po, 1De, 1Fo, 1Ge, 1Ho Intrashell States of Helium Sequence using Special Forms of Hylleraas-Type Wave Functions

2電子系における(nl) 2 と(3lnl’)の自動電離状態の計算

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