Monolayers of fluorinated amphiphiles present specific structure and properties, due to differences in chain stiffness and molecular interactions between fluorinated and hydrogenated amphiphiles. The combined hydrophobicity and lipophobicity of fluorinated chains result in lateral and vertical micro phase separation when fluorinated and hydrogenated amphiphiles are mixed. Monolayers of fluorinated amphiphiles have potential applications in materials and biological sciences, including for two-dimensional protein crystallization and microelectronics.

Monolayers made from fluorinated amphiphiles

Near-field scanning optical microscopy in cell biology.

▪ Abstract Recent progress on the use of near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) to characterize organic thin film materials is extensively reviewed. NSOM is leading to important new information on the morphology and spatially resolved optical properties of a variety of materials, complementing more widely available methods for thin film analysis. Materials described in this review include polymer thin films, molecular aggregates, molecular crystals, molecular semiconductor heterojunctions, biological materials, and molecular mono-, bi-, and multi-layer films.

Characterization of organic thin film materials with near-field scanning optical microscopy (nsom)

A conductive atomic force microscopy (cAFM) technique has been developed that concurrently monitors topography, charge transport, and electroluminescence. This cAFM approach is particularly well suited for probing the electroluminescent response characteristics of operating organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) over short length scales. In a typical experiment, charge is injected into individual OLED structures with the cAFM tip, and the resulting electroluminescence and current are measured with collecting optics and a variable gain photomultiplier tube. As a proof of principle, the real-time spatial and temporal current–voltage and electroluminescence–voltage properties of 8μm×8μm OLED pixels are simultaneously imaged.

Spatially-resolved electroluminescence of operating organic light-emitting diodes using conductive atomic force microscopy

The fluorescence intensity, fluorescence decay time, and shear-force images of a thin film have been simultaneously investigated by reflection scanning near-field optical microscopy using an uncoated fiber tip. The sample is made of a europium chelate embedded in a 32-nm thick polymer layer that coats a periodic structure of gold and chromium. It is contended that the three images carry different and somewhat complementary information; the shear force supplying the sample profile while the intensity mainly depends on the local sample’s reflectance. Moreover, the decay time exhibits the local-energy-transfer process that takes place between the metallic substrate and the dye layer.

Energy transfer from fluorescent thin films to metals in near-field optical microscopy: Comparison between time-resolved and intensity measurements

Scanning near-field fluorescence microscopy of a phase-separated hydrocarbon–fluorocarbon mixed monolayer

Application of scanning near-field optical microscopy to thin organic film devices

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Scanning near-field fluorescence microscopy of a phase-separated hydrocarbon–fluorocarbon mixed monolayer

Application of scanning near-field optical microscopy to thin organic film devices