Bridge health monitoring is increasingly relevant for the maintenance of existing structures or new structures with innovative concepts that require validation of design predictions. In the United States there are more than 600,000 highway bridges. Nearly half of them (46.4%) are rated as fair while about 1 out of 13 (7.6%) is rated in poor condition. As such, the United States is one of those countries in which bridge health monitoring systems are installed in order to complement conventional periodic nondestructive inspections. This paper reviews the challenges associated with bridge health monitoring related to the detection of specific bridge characteristics that may be indicators of anomalous behavior. The methods used to detect loss of stiffness, time-dependent and temperature-dependent deformations, fatigue, corrosion, and scour are discussed. Owing to the extent of the existing scientific literature, this review focuses on systems installed in U.S. bridges over the last 20 years. These are all major factors that contribute to long-term degradation of bridges. Issues related to wireless sensor drifts are discussed as well. The scope of the paper is to help newcomers, practitioners, and researchers at navigating the many methodologies that have been proposed and developed in order to identify damage using data collected from sensors installed in real structures.

Challenges in Bridge Health Monitoring: A Review

https://pureadmin.qub.ac.uk/ws/files/128393324/LowCManuscript_RevA.pdf

Low Cost Bridge Load Test: Calculating Bridge Displacement from Acceleration for Load Assessment Calculations

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from American Society of Civil Engineers via the DOI in this record.

Accurate Deformation Monitoring on Bridge Structures Using a Cost-Effective Sensing System Combined with a Camera and Accelerometers: Case Study

Dynamic displacement estimation by fusing LDV and LiDAR measurements via smoothing based Kalman filtering

Bridge displacement estimation by fusing accelerometer and strain gauge measurements

Infrastructure spending is such a large component of a railroad budget that it must be prioritized to meet the concurrent safety and line capacity requirements. Current bridge inspection and rating practices recommend observing bridge movements under a live load to help assess bridge conditions. However, measuring bridge movements under trains in the field is a challenging task. Even when they are measured, the relationships between bridge displacements and different loads/speeds are generally unknown. The research reported herein shows the effects of known train loadings, speeds, and traffic directions on the magnitude and frequency of displacements as measured on timber pile bents of a Class I railroad bridge. Researchers collected both vertical and transverse (lateral) displacements under revenue service traffic and work trains using LVDTs with a sampling frequency of 100 Hz. To investigate the effect of traffic on timber railroad bridges, displacements were measured under crossing events at d...

Dynamic Assessment of Timber Railroad Bridges Using Displacements

This study presents the use of a fiber model for the seismic design of ductile elements for several bridges on the California High Speed Rail (CAHSR) project. The application of a fiber model to represent plastic deformation was not traditionally used in the bridge design practice because of the large computational effort required. However, the fiber model can be used as a design tool to describe inelastic behavior more realistically than the conventional plastic hinge method. Specifically, the fiber model can capture loading and unloading of the different parts of the cross section with higher accuracy than the concentrated plastic hinge method. With the fiber model, non-linear evaluation of cracking and spalling of concrete can be directly observed for reinforced concrete structures without requiring an assumed composite behavior curve. For complex structures, such as bridges carrying track on the CAHSR project, non-linear time history analysis for several seismic records is required. A three-dimensional dynamic fiber model has been developed for several locations on the project to consider flexural hinging as well as a pushover model. Fiber nodes were included at the base of single column elements, and at top and bottom of columns for multi-column rigid bents. A comparison between the traditional plastic hinge method and fiber model is presented, noting that this higher-level analysis is still within the acceptable range for industry design. 

Fiber Model for Seismic Design of Bridges for California High Speed Rail

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Dynamic Assessment of Timber Railroad Bridges Using Displacements

Fiber Model for Seismic Design of Bridges for California High Speed Rail