Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy is a useful analytical 
tool for the examination of archaeological artifacts. Both organic and 
inorganic materials have been examined in solution and in the solid. NMR 
can identify sources of raw materials, verify artifact authenticity, 
delineate ancient technology, and specify ancient diet.

Nuclear magnetic resonance in archaeology

Review and update of the applications of organic petrology; Part 2, Geological and multidisciplinary applications

Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic analysis were carried out on recent and archaeological wood. Cross-polarization-magic-angle spinning13C NMR spectra obtained from samples of poplar (Populus sp.), oak (Quercus sp.), and silver fir (Abies alba) were examined in this study. The most relevant peaks were assigned according to the extensive literature in the area, and the differences observed discussed in terms of lignin and cellulose composition: by fixing a lignin reference signal intensity, the cellulose and hemicellulose moieties showed a strong depletion compared to the lignin signals in archaeological wood.

13C CPMAS NMR spectroscopic analysis applied to wood characterization

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance in Archaeology

The Organic Geochemistry of Jet: Pyrolysis-gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (Py-GCMS) Applied to Identifying Jet and Similar Black Lithic Materials—Preliminary Results

The carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of jet samples from England and Spain resemble those of carbonaceous materials from lignitic and sub-bituminous ranks. This characterization is based on the aromatic/aliphatic ratio of resonances and on the pattern of fine structure. Particularly characteristic of jet is the well-defined fine structure in the aromatic region that may be attributed to phenolic functionalities. This fine structure is found in all English and Spanish samples. Resonances from rapidly moving methyl groups are found in English but not in Spanish samples and may provide a means of distinguishing provenance.

The provenance and coal rank of jet by carbon‐13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

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The provenance and coal rank of jet by carbon‐13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy