The Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) is a TeV-scale high-luminosity linear $e^+e^-$ collider under development by international collaborations hosted by CERN. This document provides an overview of the design, technology, and implementation aspects of the CLIC accelerator. For an optimal exploitation of its physics potential, CLIC is foreseen to be built and operated in stages, at centre-of-mass energies of 380 GeV, 1.5 TeV and 3 TeV, for a site length ranging between 11 km and 50 km. CLIC uses a Two-Beam acceleration scheme, in which normal-conducting high-gradient 12 GHz accelerating structures are powered via a high-current Drive Beam. For the first stage, an alternative with X-band klystron powering is also considered. CLIC accelerator optimisation, technical developments, and system tests have resulted insignificant progress in recent years. Moreover, this has led to an increased energy efficiency and reduced power consumption of around 170 MW for the 380 GeV stage, together with a reduced cost estimate of approximately 6 billion CHF. The construction of the first CLIC energy stage could start as early as 2026 and first beams would be available by 2035, marking the beginning of a physics programme spanning 25-30 years and providing excellent sensitivity to Beyond Standard Model physics, through direct searches and via a broad set of precision measurements of Standard Model processes, particularly in the Higgs and top-quark sectors.

The Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) – Project Implementation Plan

This article describes the development of an 18 kV, 30 kW power supply for a pulsed current load with the maximum current of 20 A and a di/dt equal to 100 A/μs. The achieved output ripple is less than 0.01%. In such a high level of precision, the most important issues are considerable difference between the instantaneous and average output powers, as well as insufficient reaction speed of the converter to the fast load change. Very low level of the voltage feedback and its sensitivity to the noise. The first issue necessitates a notable overdesign of the converter switches if the output voltage precision is dedicated to the converter. The second issue raises the problems relevant to observing the voltage ripple and providing it for the control loop. This article proposes, a fast and high current linear regulator developed based on the load current feedforwarding. Using this approach, the fast regulator compensates the voltage change caused by a high level of instantaneous power. The main converter maintains the average power. Thus, there is no need for converter overdesigning. Furthermore, the problems relevant to the high voltage feedback and providing it for the control loop are removed. The voltage feedback is solely served to correct the current loop probable error. Hence, the sensitivity of the control loop against the existing noise is minimized. Despite existing a 600 nF capacitor as the output capacitor, the output voltage drop is less than 0.01% in a wide range of the output current pulse up to 250 μs. The power supply is constructed and experimental results are provided to verify the mentioned specifications.

An Extremely Low Ripple High Voltage Power Supply for Pulsed Current Applications

In this paper, a high precision, low ripple 3kV capacitor charging system is investigated, which is designed for the Compact Linear Collider (CLIC). The 240 kW charging system consists of six capacitor charging units operated in boundary conduction mode (BCM). In order to obtain a low current ripple, the charging currents of the units are interleaved. Measurements of the interleaved capacitor charging are provided, which show the stable operation of the interleaving controller. To achieve a high pulse to pulse repeatability of the pulse modulator system, a high charging accuracy of the capacitor bank is mandatory. Thus, a precision analysis of the capacitor charging system is also performed in this paper. With this analysis, the standard deviation of the capacitor bank's voltage is derived for the entire CLIC load operating range, resulting in σv out <23.2 mV, which is below 10 ppm.

High precision, low ripple 3kV capacitor charger

In pulse modulator systems, bouncers are used for droop compensation of the main capacitor voltage. In this paper, the control of an active bouncer in a pulse modulator is described and the charging via a main charging system is analyzed. Six interleaved bouncer modules are situated on the primary side in series to the main capacitor bank, forming together with a pulse switch the pulse unit. To reduce the system complexity, the pulse unit is recharged with a single charging source. The proposed methods are verified by converter measurements on a single bouncer module. Additionally, a repeatability analysis of the pulse unit is performed and dependencies on initial voltages and switching jitters are derived. It is shown that in case of an open loop control and a standard deviation of the initial main capacitor voltage of σ VMain (t=0) = 15 ppm and the initial bouncer input voltage of σ VBin (t=0) = 75 ppm a pulse repeatability of PR < 100ppm is achievable in 99.7 % of the time.

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/7295686/7309048/07311737.pdf

Control of an active bouncer for an ultra precise 140 μs-solid state modulator system

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Control of an active bouncer for an ultra precise 140 μs-solid state modulator system