From the Publisher: 
The accessible presentation of this book gives both a general view of the entire computer vision enterprise and also offers sufficient detail to be able to build useful applications. Users learn techniques that have proven to be useful by first-hand experience and a wide range of mathematical methods. A CD-ROM with every copy of the text contains source code for programming practice, color images, and illustrative movies. Comprehensive and up-to-date, this book includes essential topics that either reflect practical significance or are of theoretical importance. Topics are discussed in substantial and increasing depth. Application surveys describe numerous important application areas such as image based rendering and digital libraries. Many important algorithms broken down and illustrated in pseudo code. Appropriate for use by engineers as a comprehensive reference to the computer vision enterprise.

Computer vision : a modern approach = 计算机视觉 : 一种现代的方法

This paper outlines a two stage approach for digitally recording cultural heritage sites. This approach involves a 3D modeling stage and the integration of the 3D model into a 3D GIS for further management and analysis. The modeling stage is carried out using a new concept; Historic Building Information Modeling (HBIM) which has been developed at the Dublin Institute of Technology [12]. Historic Building Information Modeling is a system for modeling historic structures from laser scan and photogrammetric data using Building Information Modeling (BIM) software. The HBIM process involves a reverse engineering solution whereby parametric objects representing architectural elements are mapped onto laser scan or photogrammetric survey data. A library of parametric architectural objects has been designed from historic manuscripts and architectural pattern books. These parametric objects were built using an embedded scripting language within the BIM software called Geometric Descriptive Language (GDL). These objects are combined and mapped onto the survey data to build the entire model. After the 3D model has been created the next stage involves integrating the 3D model into a 3D GIS for further analysis. The international framework for 3D city modeling, CityGML has been adopted for this purpose. CityGML provides an interoperable framework for modeling 3D geometries, semantics, topology and appearance properties [13]. The aim of this research is to bridge the gap between parametric CAD modeling and 3D GIS while using benefits from both systems to help document and analyze cultural heritage sites.

/pdf/integration-of-historic-building-information-modeling-hbim-2y1fbvfj8j.pdf

Integration of Historic Building Information Modeling (HBIM) and 3D GIS for recording and managing cultural heritage sites

The built environment sector impacts significantly on communities. At the same time, it is the sector with the highest cost and environmental saving potentials provided effective strategies are implemented. The emerging Semantic Web promises new opportunities for efficient management of information and knowledge about various domains. While other domains, particularly bioinformatics have fully embraced the Semantic Web, knowledge about how the same has been applied to the built environment is sketchy. This study investigates the development and trend of Semantic Web applications in the built environment. Understanding the different applications of the Semantic Web is essential for evaluation, improvement and opening of new research. A review of over 120 refereed articles on built environment Semantic Web applications has been conducted. A classification of the different Semantic Web applications in relation to their year of application is presented to highlight the trend. Two major findings have emerged. Firstly, despite limited research about easy-to-use applications, progress is being made from often too-common ontological concepts to more innovative concepts such as Linked Data. Secondly, a shift from traditional construction applications to Semantic Web sustainable construction applications is gradually emerging. To conclude, research challenges, potential future development and research directions have been discussed.

Trends in built environment semantic Web applications: Where are we today?

This paper outlines a new approach for digitally recording cultural heritage sites from laser scan data or photogrammetric data. This approach involves 3D modelling stage and the integration of the 3D model into a 3D GIS for further management and analysis. The modelling stage is carried out using a new concept; Historic Building Information Modelling (HBIM). HBIM uses Building Information Modelling (BIM) software with parametric and procedural modelling techniques to automate the modelling stage. The HBIM process involves a reverse engineering solution whereby parametric objects representing architectural elements are mapped onto laser scan or photogrammetric survey data. A library of parametric architectural objects has been designed from historic manuscripts and architectural pattern books. These parametric objects were built using an embedded scripting language within the BIM software called Geometric Descriptive Language (GDL). Using this embedded scripting language, elements of procedural modelling have also been replicated to automatically combine library objects based on architectural rules and proportions. If required the position of elements can be manually refined while overlaying the automatically generated model with the original survey data. After the 3D model has been generated the next stage involves integrating the 3D model into a 3D GIS for further analysis. The international framework for 3D city modelling, CityGML has been adopted for this purpose. CityGML provides an interoperable framework for modelling 3D geometries, semantics, topology and appearance properties [14]. CityGML enables further historical information to be added to the model and allows for efficient management and analysis of all data relating to a heritage site. The aim of this research is to bridge the gap between parametric CAD modelling and 3D GIS while using benefits from both systems to help document and analyse cultural heritage sites.

/pdf/integration-of-hbim-and-3d-gis-for-digital-heritage-17n6z8bq7l.pdf

Integration of HBIM and 3D GIS for Digital Heritage Modelling

Recently, research has been performed on Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to effectively recycle abundant Building Information Modeling (BIM). However, GIS and BIM use different schemas to describe forms. In particular, GIS defines the Level of Detail (LOD) in schema to quickly visualize numerous city-level objects. Because of schema differences, a mapping process is essential to reuse BIM in GIS. The problem is that mapping LOD models requires significant calculation time. This method reduces BIM-GIS mapping operation productivity, making it difficult to reuse BIM. In this research, we enhance mapping work productivity by developing a method that automates LOD geometry mapping using Screen-Buffer scanning-based Multiprocessing (SB-MP) including semantic mapping rule. The proposed method can dramatically improve LOD geometry modeling productivity. Finally, the developed results are evaluated quantitatively.

IFC-CityGML LOD mapping automation using multiprocessing-based screen-buffer scanning including mapping rule

Extending functionalities of Management Systems to CityGML

A sustainable urban environment requires an integration of documentation and management systems in surveying and planning applications for different kinds of services involving services and processes. Traditional GIS approaches are geo-referenced to 2D information or, more recently, to a virtualized environment arising from the reprojection of textured views on 3D models. In this work, a tool for extracting dominant planes from dense 3D range information is applied for the automatic identification of structural elements (facades, ground and roofs) and their automatic labelling in terms of data of dominant planes. This tool is integrated inside the software platform UvaCad. The constructor of urban geometric primitives is given as a generator of 3D chains corresponding to the grouping of maximal planar quadrilaterals with similar properties for the normal unit vector. As a by-product, one has a semi-automatic volumetric segmentation of small urban environments as support for the development of a Domain Ontology in urban environments. Our methodology is illustrated with some examples corresponding to small villages and typical central squares (Plaza Mayor) of old Spanish cities. 

/pdf/constructors-of-geometric-primitives-in-domain-ontologies-535ivwm61h.pdf

Constructors of geometric primitives in domain ontologies for urban environments

Buildings in Cultural Heritage environments exhibit some common structural defects in elements which can be recognized by their differences with respect to the ideal geometric model. The global approach consists of detecting misalignments between elements corresponding to sections perpendicular to an axis, e.g. The local approach consists of detecting lack of verticality or meaningful differences (facades or internal walls) in curved elements with typical components (apses or vaults, e.g.) appearing in indoor environments. Geometric aspects concern to the basic model which supports successive layers corresponding to materials analysis and mechanical structural behaviour. A common strategy for detecting simple shapes consists of constructing maps of normal which can be extracted by an appropriate sampling of unit normal vectors linked to a points cloud. The most difficult issue concerns to the sampling process. A profusion of decorative details or even the small variations corresponding to small columns which are prolonging the nerves of vaults generate a dispersion of data which can be solved in a manual way by removing notrelevant zones for structural analysis. This method can be appropriate for small churches with a low number of vaults, but it appears as tedious when we are trying to analyse a large cathedral or an urban district. To tackle this problem different strategies for sampling information are designed, where some of them involving geometric aspects have been implemented. We illustrate our approach with several examples concerning to outdoor urban districts and indoor structural elements which display different kinds of pathologies.

/pdf/a-semiautomatic-large-scale-detection-of-simple-geometric-5abe5zr3g7.pdf

A semiautomatic large-scale detection of simple geometric primitives for detecting structural defects from range-based information

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Extending functionalities of Management Systems to CityGML

Constructors of geometric primitives in domain ontologies for urban environments

A semiautomatic large-scale detection of simple geometric primitives for detecting structural defects from range-based information