Ski Injury Statistics, 1982 to 1993, Jackson Hole Ski Resort.

This book covers the latest in snow sport epidemiology, snow sport injuries and treatment, and biomechanical/mechanical engineering related to snow sports injuries (mechanisms of injury, injury prevention by equipment design, injury prevention by design of resort features, and more). It brings together a collection of papers from the International Congress on Ski Trauma and Safety (the biennal meeting of the International Society for Skiing Safety) and presents the latest research on the effectiveness of winter sports equipment, the behavior of winter sports participants, and the epidemiology and biomechanics of winter sports injuries. This is an ideal book for researchers and professionals working in the field of sports medicine and safety.

This book also:

Covers the latest body of literature dealing with safety in winter sports as well as the prevention and treatment of injuries sustained by participants in these activities
Broadens readers’ understanding of snow sport injury prevention research

Illustrates ways safety standards for snow sports can be improved based on evidence-based research.

/pdf/snow-sports-trauma-and-safety-conference-proceedings-of-the-4cc52gv3mt.pdf

Snow sports trauma and safety : conference proceedings of the International Society for Skiing Safety: 21st volume

Purpose
Post-operative infection after arthroscopically assisted anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is a rare but severe complication, particularly for young and active patients. It is unclear whether the prevalence of knee infection is correlated with the type of sports or the level of performance.

Sports-specific differences in postsurgical infections after arthroscopically assisted anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

In skiing, performance and safety can depend on small details. Consequently, the measurement of forces within the ski boots, which represent the essential form-fitting and force transmitting interface during skiing, will lead to enhanced performance and more importantly safety. This study presents a methodology to measure force patterns (continuous data acquisition) under laboratory as well as realistic slope conditions. The force measurements will be analyzed to gain insights of the skiing style, skiing technique, specific falling mechanisms (i.e., boot induced anterior drawer, phantom foot, hyperextension of the knee joint, and valgus-external rotation). Furthermore, the locations of force sensors in a overlap designed ski boot are discussed in terms of practicability and applicability. These insights are of particular interest to derive release conditions for predictive binding systems and furthermore provide data to improve the style of skiing (e.g., turn release action or center of gravity behavior). For that purpose, a ski boot was instrumented with seven force (piezoresistive) sensors while the basic structure of the boot and the binding remained unchanged. Three sensors were placed on the insole to measure ground reaction forces as well as the contact forces between the skier's foot and the boot. The other four sensors were positioned at spoiler/shaft and toecap (front sole) regions of the ski boot. The locations of the force sensors within the ski-boot are defined with regard to the main body movement while skiing (body-related planes). In addition, a commercially available ski and body mount measuring system were utilized to correlate speed, inclination and body position with the force patterns occurring during skiing on the slope as well as simulating specific body positions on an inclined ramp under laboratory conditions. The measured force revealed that the toecap (upper) sensors provide insufficient even non-conclusive data to deduce significant patterns. However, the insole sensors (heel and front sole area) as well as the spoiler/shaft (back) sensors are more reliable and show characteristic patterns indicating forward or backward lean. These results will have an important impact to the development of predictiveelectro-mechanical bindings to prevent knee-related injuries, which, from a statistical point of view, concerns largely women and young athletes.

/pdf/studying-force-patterns-in-an-alpine-ski-boot-and-their-53v3zt4o44.pdf

Studying Force Patterns in an Alpine Ski Boot and Their Relation to Riding Styles and Falling Mechanisms.

The popularity and recreational use of mountain areas have increased significantly in recent years. While the number of injured mountaineers is increasing, the number of fatalities is decreasing, according to the German Alpine Club (DAV). At the Institute of Forensic Medicine at the University of Munich all fatal mountain accidents (excluding winter sports) were evaluated retrospectively. In the period 2004-2014 70 fatal mountain accidents occurred. The 54 male and 16 female victims were aged between 2 and 86. 55 of these cases happened in Bavaria, 3 abroad. In 80 % a non-natural cause of death was declared, of which 80 % were accidents and 20 % suicides. The leading cause of death was multiple trauma, but there were also isolated cases of hypothermia and altitude sickness. In 6 cases a natural manner of death (cardiac failure) was be found. The present study shows that in Bavaria only a small percentage of fatal mountain accidents is evaluated from a forensic and biomechanical point of view. Furthermore, there is no existing central national and/or international database for deaths that occur in the mountains. In order to clarify the exact circumstances of mountain accidents and to evaluate the injury mechanisms, a forensic autopsy is essential.

Tödliche Bergunfälle. Forensische Begutachtung am Institut für Rechtsmedizin München 2004–2014

Alpine skiing is the most popular winter sport discipline in Germany and is performed by more than 4 million recreational sportsmen and ski racing athletes. Compared to other sports, however, the injury rate in alpine skiing is quite high. Especially the knee joint is the most commonly injured area of the musculoskeletal system. Knee injuries are classified as severe in a high percentage of cases. In this review article, epidemiologic data and typical injury patterns in recreational alpine skiing and in competitive alpine ski racing are compared. In addition, the potentials of preventive methods in alpine skiing are presented and evaluated with a special focus on orthotic devices and protection wear as injury prevention equipment.

Recreational and competitive alpine skiing. Typical injury patterns and possibilities for prevention

Alpines Skifahren ist die beliebteste Wintersportart in Deutschland und wird von uber 4 Mio. Freizeit-/Breiten- und Wettkampfsportlern betrieben. Allerdings ist die Verletzungsrate beim alpinen Skifahren im Vergleich zu anderen Sportarten hoch. Hierbei stellt nach wie vor das Kniegelenk die am haufigsten verletzte Region des muskuloskelettalen Systems dar, wobei in einem hohen Prozentsatz Knieverletzungen als schwerwiegend eingestuft werden mussen. In diesem Ubersichtsartikel sollen epidemiologische Daten und typische Verletzungsmuster des alpinen Skisports sowohl im Freizeit-/Breitensport- wie auch im wettkampfmasigen Leistungssportbereich verglichen sowie Moglichkeiten praventiver Masnahmen im alpinen Skisport aufgefuhrt und evaluiert werden. Ein spezieller Fokus der Praventionsmasnahmen soll hierbei auf orthetische Hilfsmittel und Schutzbekleidungen gelegt werden.

Alpiner Skibreiten- und Skileistungssport

Alpiner Skibreiten- und Skileistungssport: Typische Verletzungsmuster und Möglichkeiten der Prävention

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Recreational and competitive alpine skiing. Typical injury patterns and possibilities for prevention

Alpiner Skibreiten- und Skileistungssport

Alpiner Skibreiten- und Skileistungssport: Typische Verletzungsmuster und Möglichkeiten der Prävention