Agricultural pests represent a limiting factor for safety food production. Environmental friendly alternatives to the use of synthetic pesticides are required. Here we evaluated the effect of a novel insecticide and a new designed bait station using Anastrepha ludens sterile flies in release–recapture tests in mango orchards. Seven treatments were distributed in 35 plots of one hectare each in a five blocks arrangement. Spinosad (GF-120), malathion and abamectin, Fly-catch bait station (FC): baited with 95% water, 4% hydrolyzed protein (Captor 300) and 1% malathion, 1.5 L plastic bottle bait station (PB) baited with 250 mL of CeraTrap, Papaya Leaf Mimic station: Sprayed with GF-120, untreated plots (control) were used as treatments. Half of the trees of each plot received the treatment. Approximately 5000 flies per plot were released at 15-day intervals, in four consecutive replicates. For monitoring, two Multilure traps/plot baited with BioLure were revised weekly. Wild populations of A. serpentina and A. obliqua were censored. Abamectin sprays and the FC induced the highest reduction in A. ludens captures (up to 50% with respect to the untreated plots). No clear effects were observed in the wild populations, since more flies were captured in some treatments than in the untreated plots, but here the initial population density and distribution was unknown. Traps in the FC treatment captured less nontarget insects than other treatments. Overall, the results indicate that the abamectin and the attract-and-kill bait stations, especially the FC, can be useful alternatives for the control of Anastrepha flies.

Novel insecticides and bait stations for the control of Anastrepha fruit flies in mango orchards

At any point along the post-harvest supply chain, commodities are vulnerable to insect infestation. This is due to a variety of factors, but includes landscape-scale movement of stored product insects to and from food facilities and natural refugia. Long-lasting insecticide-incorporated netting (LLIN) is an innovative tactic that may be used to intercept immigrating insects. LLIN can be used to cover gaps in architecture (e.g. vents, windows, eaves, or over pallets of goods) at food facilities. Another novel approach would be to use LLIN as a kill mechanism in attract-and-kill inspired interception traps on the perimeter of facilities. Furthermore, employing these two LLIN-based approaches together would create multiple protective barriers to reduce infestation in commodities. Therefore, the goal of the current study was to 1) examine the ability of interception traps to capture stored product insects at commercial wheat and rice food facilities, 2) assess whether LLIN deployment method affected efficacy in preventing infestation by stored product insects in pilot-scale warehouses, and 3) determine the success of using LLIN alone, interception traps alone, or both together to prevent infestations. Over two years, interception traps deployed for 48-h periods on the perimeter of commercial food facilities captured over 3,000 insects, representing 14 stored product insect taxa. Warehouses deploying LLIN exhibited an 89–93% and 98–100% reduction in insects reaching and progeny production in commodities, even after the release of 3,600 insects of three species over 12 weeks. The combined use of LLIN and interception traps did not improve control above LLIN alone, but this may be because insects could fly unencumbered, highlighting the importance of covering gaps with LLIN on food facilities.

/pdf/long-lasting-insecticide-incorporated-netting-and-4ojpgjnygt.pdf

Long-Lasting Insecticide-Incorporated Netting and Interception Traps at Pilot-Scale Warehouses and Commercial Facilities Prevents Infestation by Stored Product Beetles

Review on major fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in North Africa: Bio-ecological traits and future trends

Mass trapping is an environmentally safe alternative to insecticide application for the Mediterranean fruit fly management. The selection of effective trap-attractant combinations for monitoring and mass trapping control remains challenging. The current study explored the attractiveness of trapping devices during spring (early season) and summer (late season) in field cage trials. Five trapping devices were assessed: (a) the commercially available Decis® trap, (b) Tephri trap baited with Biodelear, (c) Tephri trap baited with BioLure, (d) International Pheromone McPhail trap (IPMT) baited with Biodelear, and (e) IPMT baited with BioLure. On a test day, 100 adults (50 males and 50 females) were released in each field cage wherein traps were placed individually. Trap captures were recorded at hourly intervals from 10:30 am to 5:30 pm. Our results showed that Tephri traps baited either with BioLure or Biodelear captured the most adults under low temperatures. Efficacy of Tephri traps baited with BioLure were higher than that of other trap-attractant combinations at high temperatures. Adult captures in Decis® trap were low during both seasons. More males than females were captured at low temperatures. Both efficacy and female selectivity of trapping devices are related to prevailing temperature regimes during spring and summer under semi-field conditions.

https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/6/1101/pdf

Evaluation of Mass Trapping Devices for Early Seasonal Management of Ceratitis Capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) Populations

A Decision Support System (DSS) was developed and evaluated to control the Mediterranean fruit fly (medfly), Ceratitis capitata (Wiedermann), by incorporating a semi-automatic pest monitoring and a precision targeting approach in multi-varietal orchards. The DSS consists of three algorithms. DSS1, based on the degree days calculation, defines when the traps should be deployed in the field initiating the medfly population monitoring. DSS2 defines the areas to be treated and the type of treatment based on the number of adult medfly captures, harvesting time, and phenological stage of the host cultivar. DSS3 defines the spraying procedure considering the technical registration properties of the selected insecticide (e.g., withholding period and efficacy duration time) and weather conditions. The DSS was tested in commercial orchard conditions near Rome, central Italy, with a randomized complete blocks experimental design, comparing DSS-assisted and conventional management. In the DSS-assisted plots, a semi-automatic adult medfly monitoring system was deployed, composed of real-time, wireless electronic traps. The output of the functioning DSS is a map of spraying recommendation, reporting the areas to be treated and the treatment type (bait or cover insecticide spraying). The farmer was left free to follow, or not, the DSS indications. The first medfly captures were observed on June 30, whereas the DD threshold was reached on July 3 when the DSS started to operate. The field test produced 29 DSS decisions from July 3 to September 1 and confirmed that medfly management using the DSS substantially reduced the number of pesticide applications, the treated area, and the volumes of pesticide utilization. No significant differences in infested fruit were observed between DSS-assisted and conventional management. The level of acceptance of the DSS by the farmer was 78%. This evidence confirmed the requirement of fully involving farmers and pest managers during the evaluation process of DSS.

https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/9/10/608/pdf

Defining and Evaluating a Decision Support System (DSS) for the Precise Pest Management of the Mediterranean Fruit Fly, Ceratitis capitata, at the Farm Level

The pumpkin fly Dacus frontalis is reported in this paper for the first time in Tunisia, where it was found in several locations. It is a pest of cucurbits of economic importance and is common especially in the eastern and southern parts of Africa. D. frontalis was collected from infested cucumber fruits in the region of El‐Jebil (Kairouan) and female bait traps for the Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata and the olive fly Bactrocera oleae. Preliminary data from Tunisia suggest that D. frontalis is already established in four regions in which cucurbits are important crops. Brief notes on the diagnostic features for the species, its ecology and geographic distribution are given. Symptoms on cucumber from Tunisia are presented.

The pumpkin fly Dacus frontalis (Diptera: Tephritidae): a new pest of curcubits in Tunisia.

For control of the Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae), the attract-and-kill or attracticide technique is an alternative to the spraying of traditional organophosphate pesticides. In this study, the effectiveness of Ceranock and AALK that is, the use of attract-and-kill bait stations had fewer negative effects than the application of conventional pesticides on the biological diversity in Tunisian peach orchards. Overall, the results indicate that Ceranock and AAL&K attract-and-kill bait stations are useful alternatives for the control of C. capitata in Tunisian peach orchards planted with early-ripening varieties. (Resume d'auteur)

Attract-and-kill systems efficiency against Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) and effects on non-target insects in peach orchards

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The pumpkin fly Dacus frontalis (Diptera: Tephritidae): a new pest of curcubits in Tunisia.

Attract-and-kill systems efficiency against Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) and effects on non-target insects in peach orchards