Quantitative assessment of the relationships between dosage and response of the nuclear polyhedrosis virus of Mamestra brassicae

Identification of two nuclear polyhedrosis viruses from the cabbage moth, Mamestra brassicae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

To evaluate the hygienic risk involved in using baculoviruses for insect pest control, safety studies are required. Pigs were chosen as representative test animals of commercial and agricultural importance. The tests were aimed at detecting virus propagation, immune reactions, and signs of acute infection (changes in body temperature and hematology profile, swelling of lymph nodes). Four of five animals inoculated with nuclear polyhedrosis virus showed a slight temperature rise at day 2 postinfection. After day 4 postinfection, no differences between infected animals and controls were observed. In the bioassay, virus activity could be recovered from fecal samples; however, no activity was found in organ extracts. The data did not indicate hygienic risks involved in the application of nuclear polyhedrosis virus, especially that from Mamestra brassicae, in biological pest control.

Safety evaluation of nuclear polyhedrosis virus replication in pigs.

The effect of the two pathogens, the bactospeine and the nuclear polyhedrosis virus was tested on larvae of Heliothis armigera separately and in a combination. A retardation in larval development was observed after feeding the larvae on a diet containing different concentrations of the bacterium. Larvae of the 5th instar could escape virus treatment by a rapid transformation into the prepupal stage. It was also observed that the susceptibility of the larvae to each of the two pathogens when applied separately decreases with larval age. By using a combination of both pathogens an antagonistic effect was produced in case of first instar larvae. As the larvae increase in age, the two pathogens interact synergetically and an additive effect was observed specially when the mixture contained the LC50 of bactospeine.



Zusammenfassung

Zur Wirkung von Bacillus thuringiensis Berl. und eines Kernpolyedervirus auf Raupen der Amerikanischen Baumwolleule, Heliothis armigera Hbn. (Lepid., Noctuidae)



Es wurden die Wirkungen zweier Pathogene: des Bacillus-Praparates Bactospeine und eines Kernpolyedervirus bei getrennter und kombinierter Applikation auf die Raupen von H. armigera untersucht. Eine Verzogerung der Entwicklung der Raupen wurde nach Beimischung von Bactuspeine zur Nahrung festgestellt. Raupen des 5. Stadiums uberstanden eine Virusbeigabe zur Nahrung durch vorzeitige Umwandlung zur Puppe. Die Empfindlichkeit der Raupen gegenuber den 2 Pathogenen nahm mit dem Raupenalter ab. Bei Verwendung einer Kombination aus beiden Pathogenen entstand bei den Raupen ein antagonistischer Effekt. Mit Zunahme des Raupenalters wandelte er sich zu einem Synergismus und, sofern die Mischung die LC50 von Bactuspeine enthielt, zur additiven Wirkung.

Biotic efficiency of Bacillus thuringiensis Berl. and a nuclear‐polyhedrosis virus on larvae of the American bollworm, Heliothis armigera Hbn. (Lepid., Noctuidae)

ChezLymantria dispar L il est demontre que la plus grande resistance d'un state larvaire par rapport au precedent ne s'explique pas par la difference de poids ou de consommation des chenilles, parce que le poids des chenilles et leur consommation de la surface traitee sont proportionnels

Sensibilité comparée, en fonction de leur âge, des chenilles deLymantria dispar, Mamestra brassicae etSpopoptera littoralis aux virus de la polyédrose nucléaire

Nuclear polybedrosis virus of Mamestra brassicae (L.): Its production and application in biological control



The nuclear polyhedrosis virus of the cabbage moth (Mamestra brassicae [L.]), isolated from an infected stock, was purified and mass-produced in host larvae. For economic virus production in vivo, starting with the eggs the larvae were reared on semisynthetic diet in plastic screen units, each consisting of 100 rearing cells. Ten to twelf days after egg inoculation, peroral infection of larvae was performed by contamination of diet surface. For purification of polyhedral inclusion bodies, two isopycnic gradient-centrifugations in a zonal rotor proved practical. Standardized and bioassayed preparations of polyhedra were formulated as wettable powder and used in field experiments for control of the cabbage moth. These experiments showed that application of nuclear polyhedra may compete with an efficient OP-insecticide in protecting Brussels sprouts from larval damage.



Zusammenfassung

Reinigung, Standardisierung und Vermehrung im homologen Wirt des aus Larven der Kohleule (Mamestra brassicae [L.]) isolierten Kernpolyedervirus werden beschrieben. Fur die Larvenaufzucht haben sich Rastereinheiten bewahrt, in denen eine optimierte Virus-produktion in vivo stattfindet. Standardisierte und im Biotest geprufte Polyederprapa-rate wurden formuliert und im Freiland erprobt. Dabei zeigte sich, das die Applikation des Kernpolyederpraparates in Form eines Spritzpulvers einen vergleichbaren Schutz gegen Frasschaden (an Rosenkohl) durch M. brassicae-Larven bieten kann wie ein Vergleichs-insektizid (Phosphorsaureester).

Das Kernpolyedervirus der Kohleule (Mamestra brassicae [L.]): Seine Produktion und Erprobung für die biologische Schädlingsbekämpfung1,2

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Das Kernpolyedervirus der Kohleule (Mamestra brassicae [L.]): Seine Produktion und Erprobung für die biologische Schädlingsbekämpfung1,2