Adsorption is one of the oldest and extensively studied techniques for water and wastewater treatment. As a surface phenomenon, adsorption efficiency relies heavily on the surface chemistry of the natural and modified material. The mode of surface modification and the nature of the precursor have significant impacts on surface functionalities. Chemical method of surface treatment is a technique that alters the structure and the surface properties of the precursor to enhance adsorption process. The present work intends to deliver precise knowledge on the choice and impacts of chemical modification on some known adsorbing materials.

A review on the influence of chemical modification on the performance of adsorbents

Surface functionalization of nanodiamonds for biomedical applications.

A biomaterial can be defined as a material intended to interface with biological systems to evaluate, treat, augment or replace any tissue, organ or function of the body. Major problems associated with biomaterials are their properties and biocompatibility, which need to be tackled and resolved before promoting a particular biomaterial to the market or implanting it into a biological system. To enhance the biocompatibility of the biomaterials, several surface modification strategies, such as physico-chemical, mechanical and biological modifications, have been explored. In this review, some recent applications of physico-chemical modification technologies, such as alteration in the structure of a molecule by chemical modification, surface grafting, abrasive blasting and acid etching, surface coatings, heat and steam treatment for medical materials such as polymers, metals, ceramics and nanocomposites are discussed. This article will promote physico-chemical modification as a versatile technology in surface engineering to improve the properties and biocompatibility of medical materials. Furthermore, it will instigate the growth of the biomaterial market with various high quality biomaterials.

Review: physico-chemical modification as a versatile strategy for the biocompatibility enhancement of biomaterials

The present work is concerned with adhesive bonding of thermoplastic composites used in general aerospace applications, including polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polyetherimide (PEI) and polyetheretherketone (PEEK) carbon fibre composites. Three different surface treatments have been applied to the PEEK, PPS and PEI-based composites in order to enhance the adhesion: atmospheric plasma, ultraviolet radiation (UV) and isopropanol wiping as a control. Water contact angles and free surface energies were measured following the standard experimental procedure based on the employment of three different liquid droplets. Infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were subsequently performed to characterize the surface chemistry of the samples after treatment. The single lap joints were manufactured and bonded by an Aerospace grade epoxy-based film adhesive originally developed for use on metals but with the ability to bond treated thermoplastics to good strength (supplied by Henkel Ireland). Quasi-static (QS) tests were conducted. The lap shear strength was evaluated, and the failure mechanisms of the different joints were examined for the range of surface treatments considered. It was found that the performances of the PEEK and PPS joints were considerably improved by the plasma and UV treatments resulting in cohesive and delamination failures, while PEI was unaffected by the plasma and UV treatments and performed very well throughout.

/pdf/adhesion-improvement-of-thermoplastics-based-composites-by-10jhfm6ddb.pdf

Adhesion Improvement of Thermoplastics-Based Composites by Atmospheric Plasma and UV Treatments

Effect of SiO2 crystal structure on the stability of polymer composites exposed to vacuum ultraviolet radiation

Smoothing of the nanometer-scale asperities of a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) film using vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) with the wavelength λ = 123.6 nm was studied. The exposure time and the residual air pressure in an working chamber were varied during the process of VUV treatment. A nanostructured surface of PMMA film is used as a sample to be exposed. The nanostructured surface of the PMMA film was obtained by treating the initially smooth spin-coated film in oxygen radio-frequency plasma. The degree of VUV exposure is estimated using changes in the morphology and roughness of the nanostructured surface, which were determined by atomic-force microscopy (AFM). Recognition of morphological surface features on the AFM-images and determination of main geometrical characteristics of these features are performed by using virtual feature-oriented scanning method. It is discovered by morphology and Fourier spectra that the nanostructured surface of the PMMA film is partially ordered. The developed VUV smoothing procedure can be used to treat the electron-beam, UV, and X-ray sensitive PMMA resists, PMMA elements of microelectromechanical systems, biomedical PMMA implants, as well as to certify nanotechnological equipment incorporating UV radiation sources.

Vacuum ultraviolet smoothing of nanometer-scale asperities of Poly(methyl methacrylate) surface

The properties of medical low-density polyethylene films with carbon coatings improving the biological compatibility of the polymer were studied by electron and scanning atomic-force microscopy, as well as by IR, Raman, visible, and UV spectroscopy.

Nanostructured Carbon Coatings on Polyethylene Films

The properties of medical low-density polyethylene films with carbon coatings improving the biological compatibility of the polymer were studied by electron and scanning atomic-force microscopy, as well as by IR, Raman, visible, and UV spectroscopy. A promising line in development of hemocom- patible materials is modification of the polymer sur- face by deposition of coatings having the desired bio- chemical properties (1). Understanding of the forma- tion mechanism of hemocompatible surfaces requires studying the properties of the modifying coating. Among the materials suitable for modification of medical polymers, in particular, low-density poly- ethylene (LDPE), is carbon (2) with its unique proper- ties, above all, the occurrence in various chemical modifications: sp 3 (diamond), sp 2 (diamond-like), and sp (carbyne). Carbon is expected to be well compat- ible biologically with blood plasma proteins and liv- ing cells of the human body, because these cells con- sist, primarily, of organic, i.e., carbon-containing compounds. Lastly, it is possible to build on the sur- face of a polymer support the required cluster forma- tions from carbon (nanostructured carbon), matching in the thermodynamic and geometric parameters a cer- tain type of molecules of blood plasma proteins. This makes possible formation of a high-quality polymer blood interface when using carbon as the modifying coating. In this work, we studied LDPE-supported nano- structured carbon by physical methods.

MACROMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY AND POLYMERIC MATERIALS Nanostructured Carbon Coatings on Polyethylene Films

The modification of the surface of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and polyurethane (PU) by means of the pulsed ion-plasma deposition of nanostructural carbon coatings at 20–60°C has been studied. The effect of this low-temperature treatment on the biocompatibility of the LDPE and PU has been assessed. Optimum technological parameters for the formation of mosaic carbon nanostructures with a thickness of 0.3–15 nm and a cluster lateral size of 10–500 nm are determined. These structures give the polymer surface increased hemocompatible properties. The surface of samples was studied by methods of scanning electron microscopy, scanning probe microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The effect of the UV light of a krypton lamp (λ = 123.6 nm) and white synchrotron radiation on the surface of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) preliminarily treated in an oxygen-containing RF discharge plasma has been investigated by varying the duration of exposure (from several minutes to several dozen minutes) and the residual gas pressure (2 and 100 Pa). This processing ensures the smoothing of the surface relief on micro- and nanoscale levels, which can improve the biocompatibility of the modified PMMA film surface. The principles of a two-stage technology for rendering the titanium (implant) surface biocompatible are developed. This technology consists of the chemical pretreatment of the surface for creating a microrelief (2–3 μm roughness), followed by the deposition of a titanium oxide film with controlled composition (TiO2) and thickness (10–60 nm). The influence of the mechanisms and technological parameters of the oxide film deposition on its composition, structure, uniformity (conformal coating of involved shapes), and biocompatibility of the modified surface have been studied.

/pdf/synthesis-of-biocompatible-surfaces-by-nanotechnology-1098iawq0e.pdf

Synthesis of biocompatible surfaces by nanotechnology methods

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

A. G. Kirilenko

Author Tools

Chat about Author

Papers

Vacuum ultraviolet smoothing of nanometer-scale asperities of Poly(methyl methacrylate) surface

Nanostructured Carbon Coatings on Polyethylene Films

MACROMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY AND POLYMERIC MATERIALS Nanostructured Carbon Coatings on Polyethylene Films

Synthesis of biocompatible surfaces by nanotechnology methods