Matrix-assisted ultraviolet laser desorption of non-volatile compounds

Coupling mass spectrometers in series provides a new technique that has many advantages for the analysis of specific organic compounds in complex mixtures. Sensitivity to picograms of targeted compounds can be achieved with high specificity and nearly instantaneous response. The targeted compound is selectively ionized, and its characteristic ions are separated from most others of the mixture in the first mass spectrometer. The selected primary ions are then decomposed by collision, and from the resulting products the final mass analyzer selects secondary ions characteristic of the targeted compound. Tandem mass spectrometry can achieve specificities and sensitivities equivalent of those of methods such as radioimmunoassay and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, while performing analyses in much shorter times.

http://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/214/4518/280.full.pdf

Tandem mass spectrometry

Thermochemical determinations by the kinetic method

This document contains recommendations for terminology in mass spectrometry. Development of standard terms dates back to 1974 when the IUPAC Commission on Analytical Nomenclature issued recommendations on mass spectrometry terms and defini- tions. In 1978, the IUPAC Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy updated and extended the recommendations and made further recommendations regarding symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations. The IUPAC Physical Chemistry Division Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy's Subcommittee on Mass Spectroscopy revised the recommended terms in 1991 and appended terms relating to vacuum technology. Some addi- tional terms related to tandem mass spectrometry were added in 1993 and accelerator mass spectrometry in 1994. Owing to the rapid expansion of the field in the intervening years, par- ticularly in mass spectrometry of biomolecules, a further revision of the recommendations has become necessary. This document contains a comprehensive revision of mass spectrom- etry terminology that represents the current consensus of the mass spectrometry community.

/pdf/definitions-of-terms-relating-to-mass-spectrometry-iupac-35asdjsrex.pdf

Definitions of terms relating to mass spectrometry (IUPAC Recommendations 2013)

Early cancer detection greatly increases the chances for successful treatment, but available diagnostics for some tumours, including lung adenocarcinoma (LA), are limited. An ideal early-stage diagnosis of LA for large-scale clinical use must address quick detection, low invasiveness, and high performance. Here, we conduct machine learning of serum metabolic patterns to detect early-stage LA. We extract direct metabolic patterns by the optimized ferric particle-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry within 1 s using only 50 nL of serum. We define a metabolic range of 100–400 Da with 143 m/z features. We diagnose early-stage LA with sensitivity~70–90% and specificity~90–93% through the sparse regression machine learning of patterns. We identify a biomarker panel of seven metabolites and relevant pathways to distinguish early-stage LA from controls (p < 0.05). Our approach advances the design of metabolic analysis for early cancer detection and holds promise as an efficient test for low-cost rollout to clinics. Early diagnosis significantly improves the probability of successful cancer therapy. Here, the authors develop a technique to analyse serum metabolites and define a biomarker panel for early-stage lung adenocarcinoma diagnosis.

/pdf/machine-learning-of-serum-metabolic-patterns-encodes-early-3dfe6uvdb8.pdf

Machine learning of serum metabolic patterns encodes early-stage lung adenocarcinoma.

This paper reports sucrose mass spectra obtained by combining laser desorption with mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry. Remarkable similarities in fragmentation behavior with secondary ion mass spectra (SIMS) provide evidence for mechanistic similarities between SIMS and laser desorption (LD). Attachment of alkali metals to organic molecules (cationization) is a common feature of desorption ionization. This process also occurs during laser desorption of involatile compounds which further indicates the existence of underlying similarities between LD and SIMS. Steady ion currents (several thousand ions per laser pulse) of cationized sucrose are obtained for relatively long periods (minutes).

Laser-desorption mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry and the mechanism of desorption ionization

Silver ion affinities of alcohols as ordered by mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry

Selected fragment scans of mass spectrometers in direct mixture analysis

Improved performance in angle-resolved mass spectrometry

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Laser-desorption mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry and the mechanism of desorption ionization

Silver ion affinities of alcohols as ordered by mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry

Selected fragment scans of mass spectrometers in direct mixture analysis

Improved performance in angle-resolved mass spectrometry