INTRODUCTION: Epicardial adipose tissue is usually located on the free wall of the right ventricle, the left ventricular apex, and the atria, but the valvular apparatus of the heart, the interventricular and interatrial septum can be subjected to lipotoxic damage. The accumulation of adipose tissue on the interatrial septum is of particular scientific interest and is described in the literature as lipomatous hypertrophy. AIM: To study the clinical and morphological features of lipomatous hypertrophy of interatrial septum in patients with diseases of the cardiovascular system. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Morphological examination of the hearts of 60 patients (30 men, 30 women), average age 74.6 ± 9.5 years was conducted. Morphometric parameters of the heart muscle and the aorta were evaluated. The studied heart material was stained with hematoxylin-eosin and according to Mallory and was processed by standard histological methods. RESULTS: The causes of death of patients were myocardial infarction, cerebral infarction, postinfarction cardiosclerosis and type 2 diabetes. The analysis of thickness of the interatrial septum in patients of different groups revealed lipomatosis of the interatrial septum in 83% of patients with postinfarction cardiosclerosis, in 80% of patients with myocardial infarction, in 70% with type 2 diabetes, in 66.7% with cerebral infarction. The thickness of the interatrial septum with lipomatous hypertrophy was 1.2 ± 0.12 cm in patients with myocardial infarction, 1.2 ± 0.11 cm in cerebral infarction, 1.2 ± 0.2 cm in postinfarction cardiosclerosis, 1.2 ± 0.15 cm in type 2 diabetes. There were no reliable differences in the thickness of the interatrial septum between the study groups. The correlation was established between the thickness of the interatrial septum with lipomatous alterations and hypertrophy of the anterior wall of the left ventricle (r = 0.7; р < 0.0001), fibrosis of the anterior wall of the left ventricle (r = 0.6; p = 0.03), thickness of epicardial fat (r = 0.5; p = 0.0002), as well as the interrelation with the thickness of the interventricular septum (r = 0.7; p < 0.05). The existence of epicardial fat in individuals with lipomatosis of the interatrial septum positively correlated with the thickness of the interventricular septum (r = 0.5; p = 0.01) and the thickness of the posterior wall of the left ventricle (r = 0.6; p = 0.001). The correlation relationship was also established between the thickness of the interatrial septum with lipomatous alterations and laboratory markers of cardiovascular risk: the level of total cholesterol (r = 0.8; p = 0.01), triglycerides (r = 0.6; p = 0.001), low-density lipoproteins (r = 0.7; p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: Taking into account the interrelations of lipomatous hypertrophy of the interatrial septum identified in the morphological and histological examination, as well as echocardiography data and some biochemical markers, this parameter can be recommended for use in assessment of cardiovascular risk in echocardiography.

Clinical and Morphological Features of Lipomatous Hypertrophy of Interatrial Septum in Patients with Diseases of Cardiovascular System

Visceral obesity is a key link in the metabolic syndrome and can affect the development of cardiovascular diseases. Objective. The aim of the study was to identify the clinical, laboratory and instrumental characteristics of patients with coronary artery disease, to analyze adverse cardiovascular events after coronary bypass surgery, according to the thickness of the epicardial adipose tissue (EAT). Design and methods. The study included 178 patients who underwent coronary bypass surgery. The median values of the thickness of the EAT was 0,4 cm. The patients were divided into 2 groups: group 1 — epicardial fat < 0,44 cm (n = 84) and group 2 — epicardial fat > 0,44 cm (n = 94). Results. The frequency of metabolic syndrome in group 1 was 59,5 %, while in group 2 — 74,5 % (p = 0,017). The thickness of the EAT correlated with blood glucose (r = 0,28, p = 0,003), body mass index (BMI) (r = 0,27, p = 0,010), waist circumference (r = 0,26, p = 0,001). End-diastolic volume of the left ventricle (p = 0,016), stroke volume (p = 0,014), thickness of the interventricular septum (p = 0,010), mass of the left ventricular myocardium (p = 0,048), left ventricular myocardial mass index (p = 0,035) were higher in the group with a higher content of EAT. The metabolic syndrome was a significant predictor of the EAT thickness. Conclusions. The EAT thickness is associated with the metabolic syndrome and its components.

The relationship of epicardial adipose tissue and metabolic syndrome

INTRODUCTION: Obesity is one of the leading risk factors for the development of cardiovascular diseases. At present, of the greatest scientific interest are local deposits of adipose tissue as a possible morphological substrate for the development of this group of diseases. Along with the traditional risk factors, one more risk factor for a poor prognosis of cardiovascular disease can be a change in the thickness of the epicardial fat (EF) and of the interatrial septum (IAS) in case of its lipomatosis. 
AIM: To study the significance of EF and of IAS thickness as markers of cardiovascular risk in coronary heart disease. 
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study involved 116 individuals with coronary heart disease (55 men (47%) and 61 women (53%), mean age 68 [61; 72] years). Thickness of EF and IAS was evaluated by the method of echocardiography. The frequency of poor outcomes was evaluated using KaplanMeier method, ROC-curve analysis. The differences were considered statistically significant at p 0.05. 
RESULTS: In the group of patients with unstable angina, the threshold value of IAS thickness was 0.7 cm (p 0.001), and of EF thickness 0.8 cm (2 = 10.89, p = 0.001), in the group of patients with myocardial infarction 0.7 cm (p 0.001) and 0.8 cm (p 0.001), respectively. In the group of patient with unstable angina, IAS thickness 0.7 cm (2 = 10.3, p = 0.0013) and EF thickness 0.8 cm (2 = 10.89, p = 0.001) demonstrate a poor prognosis in comparison with the parameters below the threshold values. In the group of patients with myocardial infarction, IAS thickness 0.7 cm (2 = 8.4, p = 0.005) and EF 0.8 cm (2 = 9.66, p = 0.0019) demonstrate poor prognosis in comparison with the parameters below the threshold values. 
CONCLUSION: In unstable angina and myocardial infarction, the value of IAS thickness 0.7 cm (p = 0.0013 and p = 0.005, respectively) and of EF thickness 0.8 cm (p = 0.001 and p = 0.0019, respectively) present a poor prognosis compared to lower values. It is recommended that EF and IAS thickness be determined in echocardiography as an additional marker for a poor prognosis in coronary heart disease.

Prognostic Significance of Cardiac Fat Deposits in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is preceded by asymptomatic changes in the geometry of the heart. The only symptoms of the beginning of cardiac remodeling and concomitant predictors of an unfavorable cardiovascular prognosis are: thickening of epicardial fat (EAT), secreting a number of adipokines, and cardiospecific miRNAs. To improve the effectiveness of prevention of CVD in young patients with DM1, a search was made for structural-functional and epigenetic markers. 
Aim. To assess the state of the cardiovascular system according to MRI-heart with T1 mapping in T1DM without CVD. To reveal the relationship of epigenetic markers (circulating miR-126-5p, miR-21-5p) and adipokines with cardiovascular system in T1DM. Suggested personalized approach to patients with T1DM with initial manifestations of joint remodeling and/or exclusion of cardiospecific microRNA. 
Materials and methods. The study included 40 patients: 30 with T1DM (age 26.2±7.4 years), 10 without T1DM (26.4±8.2). The patients underwent a general clinical examination, bioimpedancemetry, electrocardiography, MRI of the heart with T1 mapping, determination of adiponectin, resistin, visfatin, NT-proBNP, miR-126-5p, miR-21-5p. 
Results. Patients with T1DM had lower levels of cardioprotective miR-126-5p (p=0.046). According to MRI of the heart in T1DM, signs of vascular remodeling were revealed – thickening of the interventricular septum (p=0.001), posterior wall (p=0.012) and relative size of the walls (p=0.048) of the left ventricle, an increase in EAT density (p=0.001). Diffuse vascular fibrosis was found in 16% of patients from the T1DM group. Also, in T1DM, the expression of visfatin is increased (p=0.036) and adiponectin is reduced (p=0.043). 
Conclusion. Structural and functional changes in the cardiovascular system (including thickening of the EAT), shifts in miR-126-5p expression and adipokines profile are observed already at a young age in patients with T1DM. In T1DM, diffuse vascular fibrosis is detected in 16% of patients. The data obtained were used to identify the group increased risk of developing CVD in T1DM and served as the basis for determining the timing of the start of preventive therapy.

Clinical importance of evaluation of circulating miRNA expression and epicardial adipose tissue thickness as predictors of cardiovascular pathology in young patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus

Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is an emerging marker and potential therapeutic target of cardiovascular diseases, and it is necessary to segment and quantify EAT. Clinical quantification of EAT requires experts to perform voxel-level labeling, which is time-consuming, laborious, and highly subjective. Therefore, an automatic method that can accurately segment and quantify the EAT are urgently needed clinically. The currently developed EAT segmentation and quantification methods are mainly based on convolutional neural network (CNN), but CNN cannot model global dependencies. However, EAT wraps the heart with a wide range of distribution in the computed tomography images, and the global information needs to be modeled to achieve the accurate segmentation. This study applied a Transformer-based model that can effectively model global dependencies, and for the first time evaluated the ability of the classical Swin UNETR in EAT. For EAT segmentation, the Dice correlation coefficient, Hausdorff distance, and surface distance were 0.839, 24.74, and 0.584. For EAT quantification, Swin UNETR model had high consistency (concordance correlation coefficient of 0.836) and correlation (Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.969) with expert. The average volume difference and mean absolute error were -21.73 cm³ and 21.77 cm³, which suggested that Transformer-based model had similar ability with expert to segment and quantify EAT. With Transformer-based model, it is expected to further improve the performance of EAT segmentation and quantification. These methods can assist clinical EAT segmentation and quantification, and had the potential to be applied in the clinical practice.

Epicardial Adipose Tissue Segmentation and Quantification Based on Transformer Model

Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) has unique properties due to its special anatomical structure, thermoregulation, and metabolic activity. Dysregulated EAT provokes the synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines, disorders in the metabolism of fats and glucose, as well as contributes to fatty degeneration of the myocardium and heart failure development. EAT may serve as a risk factor and biomarker for cardiovascular diseases, and is also a potential therapeutic target. The purpose of this review was to highlight current research data on EAT, secreted adipokines, their effect on target tissue metabolism, and to systematize the relationship between EAT and cardiovascular diseases. In particular, its function, role in heart failure, atrial fibrillation, as well as the prognostic value of various microRNAs determined in EAT are highlighted.

/pdf/role-of-epicardial-adipose-tissue-in-the-development-of-17rh2so2.pdf

Role of epicardial adipose tissue in the development of cardiovascular diseases

We examined nine exons of transforming growth factor β receptor type 1 (TGFβR1) gene in patients with chronic heart failure with different types of heart remodelling. We identified two missense mutations (c.457G>A (p.V1531) and c.1285A>C (p.Y229S)) and two synonym substitutions (c.1125A>C (p.Y377Y) and c.516A>G (p.S172S)), as well as polymorphisms at splicing site c.1024+24G>A (rs334354). Substitutions c.1285A>C (p.Y229S) and c.516A>G (p.S172S) were not previously described.

Examination of structural changes in the transforming growth factor β receptor 1 (TGFβR1) gene in patients with chronic heart failure

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

A. E. Pushkareva

Author Tools

Chat about Author

Papers

Role of epicardial adipose tissue in the development of cardiovascular diseases

Examination of structural changes in the transforming growth factor β receptor 1 (TGFβR1) gene in patients with chronic heart failure