The inevitable depletion of fossil fuels has retained a growing concern among the world leaders about the future energy security. The researchers and energy experts have unequivocally agreed that bioenergy could be a sustainable solution to the impending energy crisis. Textile and apparel are the largest and oldest industry in human society. The development of textile market depends on the growth of population, economic development and rapid change of fashion. Consequently, huge amount of biowaste in the form of solid and effluent are generated from textile industries which could be potential to generate bioenergy. Although various types of feedstocks are practically being used in recent years, the generation of bioenergy from textile biowaste is comparatively unexplored area of research. This review mainly focuses the generation of bioenergy from textile biowaste which is released from different stages of textile processing as well as post-consumer garments waste. The discussion on the available treatment technologies with their merits, demerits, and production performance including key factors are highlighted. The potential of the treatment technologies dealing with the bioenergy conversion from textile biowaste are also appended. 

Sustainable energy generation from textile biowaste and its challenges: A comprehensive review

Bioethanol as a renewable energy resource plays an important role in alleviating energy crisis and environmental protection. Pervaporation has achieved increasing attention because of its potential to be a useful way to separate ethanol from the biomass fermentation process. This overview of ethanol separation via pervaporation primarily concentrates on transport mechanisms, fabrication methods, and membrane materials. The research and development of polymeric, inorganic, and mixed matrix membranes are reviewed from the perspective of membrane materials as well as modification methods. The recovery performance of the existing pervaporation membranes for ethanol solutions is compared, and the approaches to further improve the pervaporation performance are also discussed. Overall, exploring the possibility and limitation of the separation performance of PV membranes for ethanol extraction is a long-standing topic. Collectively, the quest is to break the trade-off between membrane permeability and selectivity. Based on the facilitated transport mechanism, further exploration of ethanol-selective membranes may focus on constructing a well-designed microstructure, providing active sites for facilitating the fast transport of ethanol molecules, hence achieving both high selectivity and permeability simultaneously. Finally, it is expected that more and more successful research could be realized into commercial products and this separation process will be deployed in industrial practices in the near future.

/pdf/membranes-for-bioethanol-production-by-pervaporation-1871vnkxv0.pdf

Membranes for bioethanol production by pervaporation.

The past decades have seen an increasing interest in developing pathways to produce bio-based chemicals from lignocellulosic biomass and organic waste as renewable resources. Using biomass as a sou...

Chemicals from lignocellulosic biomass: A critical comparison between biochemical, microwave and thermochemical conversion methods

Novel sulphonated poly (vinyl chloride)/poly (2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulphonic acid) blends-based polyelectrolyte membranes for direct methanol fuel cells

Achieving renewable clean energy to meet increasing global demand and counter overreliance on depleting unsustainable sources has recently drawn significant research interest. Similarly, to attain the sustainable development goals (SDGs) "zero hunger" agenda, massive agricultural/food productions are embarked on, leading to increased agro-food waste (AFW) generation with enormous handling costs to evade its contribution to environmental pollution. The advent of biorefineries has fostered a healthy balance for tackling challenges from AFW and unsustainable energy – thereby promoting circular bioeconomy (CBE). Integrating several emerging microbial/enzymatic bioconversion processes has facilitated the overall increase in process efficiency. This review, therefore, provides extensive information on the ecological and environmental impacts of AFW, as well as its biorefinery processes for a circular bioeconomy and environmental sustainability. We also critically reviewed advances in integrated bioconversion processes and microbial/enzymatic engineering for AFW valorization. Finally, limitations and prospects for real-life application of these recent approaches were suggested. 

Recent advances in biotechnological valorization of agro-food wastes (AFW): Optimizing integrated approaches for sustainable biorefinery and circular bioeconomy

Bioethanol-derived biomass is a green sustainable source of energy that is highly recommended as an efficient alternative to the replacement of fossil fuels. However, this type of bioethanol production is always expensive with very low bioethanol concentration. Therefore, this work aims to represent a facile and green approach for bioethanol production with high concentration and purity as well as reasonable cost from corn stover (CS). The goal of this study is to characterize CS and its treated samples with maleic acid (CSM) using various characterization analyses, such as proximate and ultimate analysis, HHV, TGA, FTIR, SEM, and CHNS. The bioethanol production stages: Pretreatment, enzymatic degradation, fermentation, and finally bioethanol separation and purification via the pervaporation process, which have been investigated and optimized are associated with the economic analysis. The optimum operating condition of the pretreatment process was 2% maleic acid, 1:20 solid-to-liquid ratio at 45 psi, 120 °C, and 1 h of operation in the autoclave. This process contributes to 53 and 45% lignin and hemicellulose removal, 98% cellulose recovery, and a glucose yield of 741 mg/dL. The yeast isolate succeeded in the production of 1230 mg/dL of bioethanol. This isolated yeast strain was close to Pichia nakasei with a similarity of 98%, and its amplified 18S rRNA gene sequence was deposited in GenBank with the accession number MZ675535. Poly (MMA-co-MA) membrane was synthesized, characterized, and its efficiency for increasing the bioethanol concentration was evaluated using the integrated pervaporation technique. The techno-economic analysis is presented in detail to evaluate the process profitability, which achieves a considerable profit for the whole duration of the project without any losses as it reaches a net profit of USD 1 million in 2023, reaching USD 2.1 million in 2047 for a company with a capacity of 32 thousand tons per year. The sequential strategy offers a promising approach for efficient bioethanol production under mild and environmentally friendly conditions that enable its implication industrially.

/pdf/experimental-optimization-with-the-emphasis-on-techno-12jrtef6.pdf

Experimental Optimization with the Emphasis on Techno-Economic Analysis of Production and Purification of High Value-Added Bioethanol from Sustainable Corn Stover

The bioconversion of environmental wastes into energy is gaining much interest in most developing and developed countries. The current study is concerned with the proper exploitation of some industrial wastes. Cellulosic fiber waste was selected as a raw material for producing bioethanol as an alternative energy source. A combination of physical, chemical, and enzymatic hydrolysis treatments was applied to maximize the concentration of glucose that could be fermented with yeast into bioethanol. The results showed that the maximum production of 13.9 mg/mL of glucose was achieved when 5% cellulosic fiber waste was treated with 40% HCl, autoclaved, and followed with enzymatic hydrolysis. Using SEM and FTIR analysis, the instrumental characterization of the waste fiber treatment confirmed the effectiveness of the degradation by turning the long threads of the fibers into small pieces, in addition to the appearance of new functional groups and peak shifting. A potent yeast strain isolated from rotten grapes was identified as Starmerella bacillaris STDF-G4 (accession number OP872748), which was used to ferment the obtained glucose units into bioethanol under optimized conditions. The maximum production of 3.16 mg/mL of bioethanol was recorded when 7% of the yeast strain was anaerobically incubated at 30 °C in a broth culture with the pH adjusted to 5. The optimized conditions were scaled up from flasks to a fermentation bioreactor to maximize the bioethanol concentration. The obtained data showed the ability of the yeast strain to produce 4.13 mg/mL of bioethanol after the first 6 h of incubation and double the amount after 36 h of incubation to reach 8.6 mg/mL, indicating the efficiency of the bioreactor in reducing the time and significantly increasing the product.

/pdf/cellulosic-fiber-waste-feedstock-for-bioethanol-production-28ercu45.pdf

Cellulosic Fiber Waste Feedstock for Bioethanol Production via Bioreactor-Dependent Fermentation

https://jbaar.journals.ekb.eg/article_138664_8bdd6ff3510833babdd6a5ffafdb01f0.pdf

Using starchy waste as a promising raw material for bioethanol production with consequence purification using chitosan/sodium alginate polymeric membrane

Maximization of the bioethanol concentration produced through the cardboard waste fermentation by using ethylenediamine-modifying poly(acrylonitrile-co-methyl acrylate) membrane

Abstract In the current study, bioethanol has been purified and separated from the culture broth using in situ modified bacterial cellulose (BC) membrane with AMPS. To our knowledge, this is the first report for development of BC composite membrane for bioethanol separation from production media. The characterization of the prepared membrane was investigated for morphology and functional groups via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy, in addition to the determination of their water and ethanol uptake. The obtained data proved the formation of cellulose multilayers in addition to the existence of its specific function groups. The Amicon cell pervaporation system containing the prepared BC/AMPS membrane has been used for the separation of the bioethanol from the culture broth using nitrogen gas pressure, and the results revealed that the BC/AMPS composite membrane is more efficient than the neat BC membrane in the separation process of bioethanol. At 50-psi nitrogen pressure, the best separation factor and flux were recorded as 15.43 and 98.94 g/m 2 .h, respectively, which were accompanied by the elevation of the bioethanol concentration from 1.98 to 3.22 mg/ml before and after separation, respectively. These findings revealed the promising application of BC/AMPS membrane in the field of bioenergy especially the bioethanol separation. 

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13399-023-03983-7.pdf

Separation of bioethanol using in situ composite membrane of bacterial cellulose/poly (2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid) (AMPS) and their characterization

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