The Kulunda Steppe is an example of soil degradation resulting from the intensive agricultural land use in the South Siberia. In this region, water is a limiting factor for crop production. Soil cultivation affects the soil's physical properties, thus its water retention capacity. The study presents and discusses the results of measurements of the volume and availability of soil moisture at depths of 30cm, 60cm, and 120cm of loamy, low humus southern chernozems in the south of Western Siberia in the dry Kulunda Steppe during the 2013 and 2016 vegetation periods. We revealed some advantages of soil moisture conservation in the No-Tillage [NT] system compared with the system of deep tillage [DT]. At depths of up to 30 cm, there was a lower volume moisture level. Nevertheless, at depths of 60 cm, there was a higher moisture level in the NT system that could be considered a potential stock for individual crops during drought. Further measurements are needed to identify additional features of the NT soil conservation system.

The Application of Digital Monitoring in Studying Soil Water Holding Capacity and Implications for Conservation Agriculture in the South-Western Siberia

Global climate change and overgrazing are driving shifts in the plant composition of grassland communities, which may profoundly affect the function of grassland ecosystems in regulating runoff and soil erosion. Here, we examined the shift effects of normal hillslope alpine meadow to shrub and severely degraded meadow states on runoff and sediment generation under natural rainfall conditions, and determined the contributions of plant and soil properties changes to soil erodibility, runoff and sediment generation by in situ rainfall experiment and monitoring on the hillslope of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. The results showed that normal meadow shift into severely degraded meadow state, mean weight diameter, soil saturated hydraulic conductivity, soil cohesion and soil erodibility K-factor at the topsoil decreased by 70.3%, 73.1%, 80.3% and −13.1%, respectively, and when normal meadows shift into shrub meadow state, they reduced by 49.1%, −1.3%, 49.4%, and −8.3%, respectively. Runoff and soil loss significantly changed by - 40.0% and 177.8% when normal meadow shifted into a severely degraded meadow state, while runoff and soil loss significantly changed by + 65.0% and +77.8% when normal meadow shifted into a shrub meadow state. Our findings highlight that the two divergent shifts both increased soil loss compared to the normal hillslope alpine meadows. Overall, our results indicate that the divergent shifts of normal alpine meadows exacerbated soil erodibility and soil loss of hillslope alpine meadows. These results obtained here offer a novel perspective on the regulation of runoff and soil erosion in the alpine meadow ecosystem. 

Divergent shift of normal alpine meadow exacerbated soil loss of hillslope alpine meadows based on field experiments

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Yu. N. Syromyatnikov, N. P. Ayugin, M. N. Kalimullin, E. A. Tikhonov, A. A. Ivanov, A. A. Orekhovskaya, G. K. Parfenopulo; Qualitative indicators of the work of the tillage plant during beet cultivation. AIP Conf. Proc. 29 March 2024; 3021 (1): 030006. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0193178 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioAIP Conference Proceedings Search Advanced Search |Citation Search 

Qualitative indicators of the work of the tillage plant during beet cultivation

Soil erosion and human activities over the last 60 years revealed by magnetism, particle size and minerals of check dams sediments on the Chinese Loess Plateau

Consequences of chemical pretreatments in particle size analysis for modelling wind erosion

Chernozems and Kastanozems are widespread and used for agricultural production in the Altai Krai. The physical properties of these soils are favourable for agriculture because the parent material is mainly composed of silt and fine sand. Humus accumulation is another important factor for the development of stable soil aggregates in the course of soil development. Resulting soils are characterized by a favourable water balance and a good air capacity and are resistant against erosion. Due to the conversion of natural steppe into agricultural land, the natural physical soil properties are damaged with lasting effects. Other soil properties (soil organic matter) are degraded too, and the soil productivity is affected. Mechanical stress can be reduced by using methods of adapted soil management, which in turn improves beside physical also chemical soil properties and, therefore, the soil fertility.

Physical Soil Properties and Erosion

The World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRB) was chosen as the soil classification system for the pedological work of the KULUNDA project. The in-depth analysis and evaluation of anthropogenic soil changes required the use of historical information based on the Russian soil classification system. The soil map of Altai Krai (KGKRF in Soil map of the Altai Territory and the Altai Republic 1986, scale 1:500,000. Novosibirsk, 1992; Kovda and Rozanov in soil science—types of soils, their geography, and use. Moscow, 1988) and the results of a soil science expedition to the Altai Krai in 1954 and 1955 published as “The Soils of Altai Krai” in 1959 (Akademiya Nauk SSSR 1959) worked as reference database. This historical soil information had to be converted to the WRB system to make it comparable to current soil information. An unequivocal conversion and transformation were not always possible resulting in loss of information and data uncertainty. Especially, the information regarding spatial distribution and area percentage of soil groups was affected by having an impact on the analysis of soil changes over time. The article describes the challenges of converting soil information and possible ways of handling them.

Soils of the Central and Western Steppes of the Altai Krai

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Physical Soil Properties and Erosion

Soils of the Central and Western Steppes of the Altai Krai