Safer lithium ion batteries based on nonflammable electrolyte

We report a microencapsulation procedure based on rapid solvent evaporation to prepare microcapsules with hydrophobic core materials and low-ceiling-temperature polymer shell wall of cyclic poly(phthalaldehyde) (cPPA) We use and compare microfluidic and bulk emulsions In both methods, rapid solvent evaporation following emulsification resulted in kinetically trapped core–shell microcapsules, whereas slow evaporation resulted in acorn morphology Through the systematic variation of encapsulation parameters, we found that polymer-to-core weight ratios higher than 1 and polymer concentrations higher than 45 wt % in the oil phase were required to obtain a core–shell structure This microencapsulation procedure enabled the fabrication of microcapsules with high core loading, controlled size, morphology, and stability This procedure is versatile, allowing for the encapsulation of other hydrophobic core materials, ie, mineral oil and organotin catalyst, or using an alternative low-ceiling-temperature polym

Low-Ceiling-Temperature Polymer Microcapsules with Hydrophobic Payloads via Rapid Emulsion-Solvent Evaporation

Safety issue is still a problem nowadays for the large-scale application of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) in electric vehicles and energy storage stations. The unsafe behaviors of LIBs arise from the thermal runaway, which is intrinsically triggered by the overcharging and overheating. To improve the safety of LIBs, various protection strategies based on self-actuating reaction control mechanisms (SRCMs) have been proposed, including redox shuttle, polymerizable monomer additive, potential-sensitive separator, thermal shutdown separator, positive-temperature-coefficient electrode, thermally polymerizable additive, and reversible thermal phase transition electrolyte. As build-in protection mechanisms, these methods can sensitively detect either the temperature change inside battery or the potential change of the electrode, and spontaneously shut down the electrode reaction at risky conditions, thus preventing the battery from going into thermal runaway. Given their advantages in enhancing the intrinsic safety of LIBs, this paper overviews the research progresses of SRCMs after a brief introduction of thermal runaway mechanism and limitations of conventional thermal runaway mitigating measures. More importantly, the current states and issues, key challenges, and future developing trends of SRCTs are also discussed and outlined from the viewpoint of practical application, aiming at providing insights and guidance for developing more effective SRCMs for LIBs. 

Self-actuating protection mechanisms for safer lithium-ion batteries

Switchable resistance conducting-polymer layer for Li-ion battery overcharge protection

Lithium-ion batteries are commonly used in consumer electronics applications such as cellular phones and computers. However, there are safety concerns, such as external heating, over-charging, high current charging, or physical damage, which prevent their full market acceptance. Autonomic shutdown of lithium-ion batteries, through functionalization of battery electrodes with thermoresponsive microcapsules, is proposed as a fail-safe mechanism. The proposed concept relies on monomer-filled microcapsules that can be triggered to rupture within a desired temperature range and deliver an electrically isolating core to the electrode surface to shut down the battery cell. Preparation of thermoresponsive microcapsules that can be triggered to rupture using a low-boiling point solvent and deliver a thermally polymerizable core is described. Additionally, we demonstrate that the rupture temperature can be controlled by appropriate selection of microencapsulated trigger solvents. Initial work on the coating of battery materials with thermoresponsive spheres is also described.

Thermoresponsive Microcapsules for Autonomic Lithium-ion Battery Shutdown

Thermoresponsive microcapsules for autonomic lithium-ion battery shutdown

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Thermoresponsive Microcapsules for Autonomic Lithium-ion Battery Shutdown

Thermoresponsive microcapsules for autonomic lithium-ion battery shutdown