As previously discussed, Reyhner and Eder (1989) have divided the history of American Indian educational policy, and indeed Indian policy generally, into six distinct periods or eras, culminating in our current state of Self-Determination. While this seems to be an accurate assessment of the present day, the authors would like to suggest that recent global developments have created considerable impetus for change in Indian Country. The authors believe that Indigenous populations may well be on the cusp of a new day in Indian policy in America, if proper consideration is given to this global imperative.

The United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples

Times of economic uncertainty, civil unrest and disaster are linked to a myriad of risk factors for increased violence against women and children (VAW/C). Pandemics are no exception. In fact, the regional or global nature and associated fear and uncertainty associated with pandemics provide an enabling environment that may exacerbate or spark diverse forms of violence. Understanding mechanisms underlying these dynamics are important for crafting policy and program responses to mitigate adverse effects. Based on existing published and grey literature, we document nine main (direct and indirect) pathways linking pandemics and VAW/C, through effects of (on):(1) economic insecurity and poverty-related stress, (2) quarantines and social isolation, (3) disaster and conflict-related unrest and instability, (4) exposure to exploitative relationships due to changing demographics, (5) reduced health service availability and access to first responders, (6) inability of women to temporarily escape abusive partners, (7) virus-specific sources of violence, (8) exposure to violence and coercion in response efforts, and (9) violence perpetrated against health care workers. We also suggest additional pathways with limited or anecdotal evidence likely to effect smaller sub-groups. Based on these mechanisms, we suggest eight policy and program responses for action by governments, civil society, international and community-based organizations. Finally, as research linking pandemics directly to diverse forms of VAW/C is scarce, we lay out a research agenda comprising three main streams, to better (1) understand the magnitude of the problem, (2) elucidate mechanisms and linkages with other social and economic factors and (3) inform intervention and response options. We hope this paper can be used by researchers, practitioners, and policymakers to help inform further evidence generation and policy action while situating VAW/C within the broader need for intersectional gender- and feminist-informed pandemic response.

Pandemics and Violence Against Women and Children

Keynote address by Dr Astrid N. Heiberg President of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies

Over the last two decades, two new trajectories have taken hold in criminology - the study of masculinity and crime, after a century of neglect, and the geography of crime This article brings both those fields together to analyse the impact of globalisation in the resources sector on frontier cultures of violence This paper approaches this issue through a case study of frontier masculinities and violence in communities at the forefront of generating resource extraction for global economies This paper argues that the high rates of violence among men living in work camps in these socio-spatial contexts cannot simply be understood as individualised expressions of psycho-pathological deficit or social disorganisation Explanations for these patterns of violence must also consider a number of key subterranean convergences between globalising processes and the social dynamics of male-on-male violence in such settings

Globalization, frontier masculinities and violence :booze, blokes and brawls

Climate change, women’s health, and the role of obstetricians and gynecologists in leadership

/pdf/gender-based-violence-and-environment-linkages-the-violence-46dzno0pvu.pdf

Gender-based violence and environment linkages: The violence of inequality

Enracinee dans des normes et lois discriminatoires a l’egard des femmes et protegee par l’impunite, la violence basee sur le genre (VBG) est presente dans toutes les societes comme un moyen de controle, d’assujettissement et d’exploitation renforcant encore les inegalites entre genres. Cette publication etablit que ces modeles de VBG sont observes dans tous les contextes environnementaux, affectant la securite et le bien-etre des nations, des communautes et des individus, et compromettant la realisation des Objectifs de developpement durable (ODD). Bien que les liens entre VBG et questions environnementales soient complexes et se produisent a de multiples echelles, ces menaces aux droits humains et a la sante des ecosystemes ne sont pas insurmontables. Cette analyse revele la nature complexe et interconnectee de la VBG dans les trois contextes principaux explores dans cette etude : l’acces aux ressources naturelles et leur controle, les pressions et menaces environnementales, et l’action environnementale visant a defendre et a conserver les ecosystemes et leurs ressources.

/pdf/liens-entre-la-violence-basee-sur-le-genre-et-l-jvb15eqhx7.pdf

Liens entre la violence basée sur le genre et l’environnement : la violence des inégalités

Rooted in discriminatory gender norms and laws and shrouded in impunity, gender-based violence (GBV) occurs in all societies as a means of control, subjugation and exploitation that further reinforces gender inequality. This publication establishes that these patterns of gender-based abuse are observed across environmental contexts, affecting the security and well-being of nations, communities and individuals, and jeopardising meeting Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). While linkages between GBV and environmental issues are complex and multi-layered, these threats to human rights and healthy ecosystems are not insurmountable. This analysis reveals the complex and interlinking nature of GBV across three main contexts: access to and control of natural resources; environmental pressure and threats; and environmental action to defend and conserve ecosystems and resources. This publication aims to raise awareness and engage actors working in environmental and sustainable development, gender equality, and GBV policymaking and programming spheres to inform rights-based, gender-responsive approaches to environmental policy, programmes and projects.

Gender-based violence and environment linkages

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Gender-based violence and environment linkages: The violence of inequality

Liens entre la violence basée sur le genre et l’environnement : la violence des inégalités

Gender-based violence and environment linkages