The study monitored the effect of differentiated mineral nutrition of microgreens species by solution of sodium selenate (2 mg Se/L) on the content of Se, chlorophylls, and other minerals. Chlorophylls were measured spectrophotometrically, Se by electrothermal atomic absorption method (ETAAS) with Zeeman-effect background and elements' concentration was performed by a dual Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) iCAP7600 instrument. The content of selenium in fresh weight moved on average from 0.013 to 12.556 μg/g. Selenisation increased the content of Se in all tested species significantly (p < 0.05) without impacting yield. The content of chlorophyll a moved from 249.9 mg/kg (Mizuna) to 604.4 mg/kg (Arugula) with significant differences between the species, without significance (p ≤ 0.05) between tested variants. The influence of selenisation on other minerals significantly differed (p < 0.05) due to the genetic variability. A significant (p ≤ 0.05) increase in Ca was observed in green basil (10.7%) and cress (20.9%); of Fe in green basil (1.6%) and cress (40.9%); of K in arugula (1.6%), green basil (3.9%) and cress (2.8%); of Zn in arugula (2.6%), green basil (8.6%), cress (2.7%) and radish (5.9%); and of Ba in green basil (5.6%) and cress (23.9%).

/pdf/influence-of-microgreens-biofortification-with-selenium-on-rzaqagnu.pdf

Influence of Microgreens Biofortification with Selenium on Their Quantitative and Qualitative Parameters

Three layouts of add-drop double stage racetrack microring resonators (ADSRMRR) located on the centre of the flexible silicon diaphragm were introduced as microscale optomechanical pressure sensors. The light propagation through all of the proposed ADSRMRR layouts were simulated using the signal flow graph method and the variational finite difference time domain (varFDTD) analysis. To achieve optimum transmission, a formula was derived for a critical coupling coefficient in the presence of the coupling loss factor for each coupling region. The pressure was measured from a wavelength shift in the output drop port signals considering the change in the optical length of the ADSRMRR due to the diaphragm shear stress. The pressure sensitivity of 48.5 pm/kPa, 42.4 pm/kPa and 33.2 pm/kPa with the limit of detection of 4.1 × 10−2 kPa, 4.7 × 10−2 kPa and 6.0 × 10−2 kPa were measured for the symmetric-large layout, the asymmetric and the symmetric-small layout of ADSRMRR pressure sensor, respectively. We introduced the ratio of the total optical length rather the sum of the resonant mode numbers (R-ratio) as a key factor in designing of the microscale Vernier based-pressure sensors. It is found that, using an ADSRMRR layout with a higher R-ratio provides a higher sensitivity with a lower detection limit, which are required in altitude sensors in satellites, aircraft, and weather balloons.

Ultra-sensitive pressure sensor using double stage racetrack silicon micro resonator

An electron cloud spectroscopy system consisting of a microring and Bragg grating Fabry-Perot is proposed. It has the form of a Panda-ring formed by an add-drop filter with nonlinear two-phase modulators. The input light of $1.50\mu \text{m}$ center wavelength is fed into the system. By using suitable two-phase modulator parameters, the whispering gallery mode (WGM) of light is formed at the center ring. The gold plate at the center microring illuminated by light leads to electron cloud oscillations forming the electron density that results in the spin up and spin down of electrons. The electron cloud spins (spin up and spin down) form the qubits which can be transmitted to the Fabry-Perot sensing unit by the spin waves. The Fabry-Perot sensing unit measures the spectral profile of the electron cloud spins. To observe the spectral profile of the electron cloud spins a large bandwidth is employed. The space-time function is applied to distinguish the electron cloud spins, which leads to having the selected spin switching time and sensor sensitivity resolution. By varying the input power and the gold grating gaps, the change in optical path difference formed in terms of the electron cloud spins at the center ring, where the optimum of ~10Pbit is obtained. Both the reflection and transmission schemes of the microring Fabry-Perot circuit have bit rates of ~6Pbit $s^{-1}$ . The reflection and transmission spectra have a free spectral range of ~0.04–0.14 $\mu \text{m}$ . The optimum sensitivity of the microring Fabry-Perot sensor is $0.31\mu \,\,\text{m}^{-1}$ .

Electron Cloud Spectroscopy Using Micro-Ring Fabry–Perot Sensor Embedded Gold Grating

In this work, a microring circuit using space–time distortion control is proposed for plasma source applications. The microring circuit consists of a center microring with two small rings at its sides. The center microring circuit is embedded by a metallic film. The space–time control is applied to the circuit, where the minimum space–time distortion is achieved by the resonant optical path difference of the two-side rings. The whispering gallery mode (WGM) is established by the matching of the space–time distortion in terms of the optical path difference. The coupling between the WGM and electrons on the metallic film surface introduces the trapped electron cloud oscillation. The plasma frequency of the electron cloud is generated by the plasmonic wave oscillation, in which the plasma force can be calculated and obtained. The plasmaforce generated by selected metallic films is investigated for dried spray, force sensor, and electron cloud speed applications. By using the practical device parameters, the simulation results obtained have shown that the plasma frequencies of $1.93\times1016$ , $1.91\times1016$ , and $1.88\times 1016\,\,{\mathrm {rad}} \mathord {\left /{ {\vphantom {{\mathrm {rad}} s}} }\right. } s$ are obtained for gold, silver, and copper films, respectively. The force sensor sensitivity and electron cloud plasma speed are calculated.

Microplasma Source Circuit Using Microring Space–Time Distortion Control

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The Art Of Experimental Physics

An investigation of the plasmonic micro-antenna characteristics using an optical modified add–drop multiplexer embedded gold grating is proposed. A device consisting of a main microring and two nano-ring phase modulators is known as a Panda-ring resonator. A gold grating is embedded at the main ring center to induce plasmonic polariton, which is the plasmonic wave that oscillates with plasma frequency. At the resonance, the whispering gallery mode (WGM) of propagation light fields can be obtained by controlling the two suitable side ring parameters, from which the plasma resonant frequency is obtained by the graphical method called the Optiwave program. In manipulation, the light source with the wavelength of 1.55 μm is fed into the system. The input power was varied from 1 to 10 mW, from which the Bragg wavelength at the resonant peak is employed for all calculations. The directivity and gain of the plasmonic micro-antenna of 2.8 mW (4.47 dBm) and 0.78 mW (− 1.08 dBm) are obtained. The motivation for this study is that the plasmonic micro-antenna enhances the performance of optical/communication devices due to its extraordinary properties. The key finding is the operation of the plasmonic micro-antenna at optical frequencies using the Panda-ring circuit, which has dual modes for wireless and cable connections. In applications, the large-area antenna (multi-antennas) has the potential for atom, cell, and brain communication network investigations; regarding the linear relationship trend of the output gain, the use of the circuit for application in sensors is also possible.

Plasmonic Micro-Antenna Characteristics Using Gold Grating Embedded in a Panda-Ring Circuit

Plasmonic antenna in the form of the panda-ring circuit proposed, which consists of a silicon microring with two side nanorings, from which the silicon microring embedded by a gold grating. The gold grating generated polariton which results in oscillation of plasmonic wave with plasma frequency, from which the center wavelength shifted to the Bragg wavelength. The Bragg wavelength at resonance applied for all calculations. By using suitable parameters, the whispering gallery mode obtained, which is the consequence of trapping of light inside the silicon microring. In manipulation, the input light of 1.50 µm center wavelength fed into the system. The input power varied from 3 to 15 mW. The electron densities are trapped and transported either by cable connection or wireless connection making use of the whispering gallery mode. For the space–time function, the space function signal is the dark soliton, which fed into the panda-ring circuit through the input port. The space–time function was multiplexed using the modulated Gaussian pulse through the add port where the signals multiplexed by signals of higher frequency circulating within the system. These results in the formation of the flip flop (clock) signal as well as the spin up and spin down signals which can transmit via dual-mode operation. By using the spin projection modulation control, the transmission bit rates of ~ 40 Pbit s−1 is achieved.

High-density quantum bits generation using microring plasmonic antenna

Full‐time slot teleportation using unified space‐time function control

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