Environment and ecology

The technique of breeding fish by other than its natural course is known as induced breeding. Induced breeding techniques have been developed for production of quality fish seed of cultivable varieties. These techniques have allowed farmers to profitably breed and raise species that do not naturally reproduce in captivity, and to manipulate the timing of reproduction to suit production cycles. Induced breeding is necessary to control timing and synchrony of egg production. Various synthetic hormones like ovatide, ovaprim, wova-FH, ovopel, HCG and LHRH are used in induced breeding of fishes. Newly formulated inducing agents are also being tested for the induced breeding performance by various researchers in different parts of the country, under different climatic conditions, with varying degree of success. These synthetic hormones have several advantages which include ready to use in liquid form, consistent potency and stable with long shelf life. The present review focuses on the effect of GnRH, HCG and Kisspeptin hormone on induced breeding of fishes.

Role of GnRH, HCG and Kisspeptin on Reproduction of Fishes

Salinity intrusion affects early development of freshwater aquaculture species pabda, Ompok pabda

Cytotoxic and genotoxic affects of acid mine drainage on fish Channa punctata (Bloch).

The yellow tail catfish, Pangasius pangasius embryonic and larval development study was carried out. The eggs were adhesive and transparent in colour with equal perivitelline space. First cleavage appeared at 00:49 ± 00:02 h resulting two equal blastomers. The eight cells, thirty two cell and morula stage appeared at 01:30 ± 00:06, 02:04 ± 00:10 and 03:43 ± 00:33 h respectively. The blastomeres looked overlapped during these multi-cell stages and the size got reduced during morula stage onwards. The fertilized eggs took 09:29 ± 01:24 and 25:27 ± 01:28 h respectively for attaining “C” shape embryo and hatching. The transparent larvae were 3-4 mm in length with compact oval shape yolk sac of 1.4-1.6 mm in length at hatching. Heart beat was detectable (2-3 times per minute) in the newly hatched larvae, whereas the mouth, barbells or elementary canal were not visible. The mouth was clearly visible in one day old larvae, which remained opened and complete closing of mouth with jaw movement was noticed at the age of 11-12 dph (days post hatch). The fins were not seen during their early life due to the encircling of a uniform membrane from behind the dorsal side to the posterior part of yolk sac. This continuous membrane started disintegrating during 5-10 dph, within which the caudal, pelvic, pectoral and dorsal fin started appearing. The 11 dph larva possessed dorsal, pectoral; pelvic and caudal fin possessed 6-7, 6-7, 5-6 and 19-20 fin rays, respectively. The larvae were resembled just like adult fish at 12 dph.

/pdf/embryonic-and-larval-development-of-yellow-tail-catfish-4u4v0p2r3j.pdf

Embryonic and Larval Development of Yellow Tail Catfish, Pangasius pangasius

Present study has been conducted to provide detailed information about the embryonic and larval development of
 Ompok pabo. The experiment was conducted in the breeding seasons from December, 2007 to November, 2010.
 Artificial breeding of Ompok pabo (Hamilton-Buchanan) were carried out at Goalpara College (Latitude 26° 10/ 11// N
 and Longitude 90° 37/ 37// E), Goalpara, Assam; India. Fertilized eggs were examined using a microscope till the end of
 larval developmental period to record each and every stage of embryonic and larval development.

/pdf/early-embryonic-and-larval-development-of-ompok-pabo-with-569wwbyxb8.pdf

Early embryonic and larval development of Ompok pabo with notes on its nursery rearing

An investigation was carried out to assess the status and diversity of small indigenous species (SIS) of fish in the upper reaches of the river Brahmaputra, Assam. The study was carried out for two years from January, 2013 to December, 2014 in five prominent landing stations. A total of 52 SIS of fish belonging to 15 families and 33 genera were recorded during the study period. Cyprinidae was observed to be the most dominant family with 22 species (42.31%). According to IUCN status (2015), species like Amblyceps arunchalensis and Puntius fraseri were listed as endangered species. It has been observed that the SIS were most abundant during pre-monsoon period and least abundant during winter season in the area of the river under study. The study also revealed that the upper reaches of river Brahmaputra is fairly rich in SIS fish diversity. However, better management strategies such as controlled harvest and scientific fishing policies will ensure sustainable exploitation and conservation of SIS fish in the region.

http://epubs.icar.org.in/ejournal/index.php/IJF/article/download/41764/24025

Present status and diversity of small indigenous fish species (SIS) in the upper reaches of river Brahmaputra in Assam, north-eastern India

Limnology and fisheries of urpod beel, goalpara, assam

A study was conducted to analyse the toxic affect of acid mine drainage (AMD) of coal mines on the histology of kidney and liver of Tor tor collected from Simsang River, Garohills; Meghalaya. Fishes from coal mining affected and unaffected areas were collected for the histopathological assay of liver and kidney. It was observed from the histopathological investigation that most of the impact of AMD of coal mining was found in cellular level. In liver, lesions were developed with vacuolation, degeneration of hepatocytes and disintegration of cell boundaries of hepatocytes. The changes noted in the kidney were enlargement of renal tubules, hyperplasia and shrinkage in glomeruli.

Histopathological Alternations in Liver and Kidney of Tor tor (Ham) Inhabited in Coal Mining Affected Areas of Simsang River, Garohills; Meghalaya

An experiment was conducted in the laboratory of Department of Zoology, Goalpara College, Goalpara, Assam (India) from August/2008 to September/2009 to investigate the effects of certain feeds on growth and survival of Ompok pabo hatchlings during nursery rearing. Four different feeds were tested to four batches of hatchling simultaneously which are assigned as T-1: Rice polish & mustard oil cake (1:1), T-2: Boiled chicken egg and filtered zooplankton, T-3: Chopped earth worms only and T-4: Earth worms and dry fish powder. A feeding frequency of 3 times /day was adopted for all the feeds. The highest gain in weight and length of the hatchlings were 0.581 ± 0.035 g and 4.7 ± 0.2 cm respectively in treatment T-3, fed with chopped earth worms only. The hatchlings showed much interest toward the chopped earth worms feed. Highest specific growth rate (SGR) was found to be 13.67 ± 0.05% shown by the hatchlings fed with chopped earthworms. Similarly, higher survival rate (62.5 ± 1.8%) was observed in the hatchlings fed with chopped earthworms. Water quality parameters of all the nursery tanks were found within the suitable range of fish culture. Finely chopped earth worm was found to be the best food for hatchlings rearing of Ompok pabo.

http://www.ijsrp.org/research_paper_jan2012/ijsrp-jan-2012-55.pdf

Effect of Certain Feeds on Growth and survival of Ompok pabo (Hamilton-Buchanan) Hatchlings in Captive Condition

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