We present experimental results on a plasma wakefield accelerator (PWFA) driven by high-current electron beams from a laser wakefield accelerator (LWFA). In this staged setup stable and high-quality (low-divergence and low energy spread) electron beams are generated at an optically generated hydrodynamic shock in the PWFA. The energy stability of the beams produced by that arrangement in the PWFA stage is comparable to both single-stage laser accelerators and plasma wakefield accelerators driven by conventional accelerators. Simulations support that the intrinsic insensitivity of PWFAs to driver energy fluctuations can be exploited to overcome stability limitations of state-of-the-art laser wakefield accelerators when adding a PWFA stage. Furthermore, we demonstrate the generation of electron bunches with energy spread and divergence superior to single-stage LWFAs, resulting in bunches with dense phase space and an angular-spectral charge density beyond the initial drive beam parameters. These results unambiguously show that staged LWFA-PWFA can help to tailor the electron-beam quality for certain applications and to reduce the influence of fluctuating laser drivers on the electron-beam stability. This encourages further development of this new class of staged wakefield acceleration as a viable scheme toward compact, high-quality electron beam sources.Received 20 January 2022Revised 8 September 2022Accepted 28 September 2022DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevX.12.041016Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI. Open access publication funded by the Max Planck Society.Published by the American Physical SocietyPhysics Subject Headings (PhySH)Research AreasParticle acceleration in plasmasPhysical SystemsLaser wakefield accelerationAccelerators & BeamsPlasma PhysicsAtomic, Molecular & Optical 

/pdf/stable-and-high-quality-electron-beams-from-staged-laser-and-2dh27rwv.pdf

Stable and High-Quality Electron Beams from Staged Laser and Plasma Wakefield Accelerators

We present experimental results on a plasma wakeﬁeld accelerator (PWFA) driven by high-current electron beams from a laser wakeﬁeld accelerator (LWFA). In this staged setup stable and high quality (low divergence and low energy spread) electron beams are generated at an optically-generated hydrodynamic shock in the PWFA. The energy stability of the beams produced by that arrange-ment in the PWFA stage is comparable to both single-stage laser accelerators and plasma wakeﬁeld accelerators driven by conventional accelerators. Simulations support that the intrinsic insensitivity of PWFAs to driver energy ﬂuctuations can be exploited to overcome stability limitations of state-of-the-art laser wakeﬁeld accelerators when adding a PWFA stage. Furthermore, we demonstrate the generation of electron bunches with energy spread and divergence superior to single-stage LWFAs, resulting in bunches with dense phase space and an angular-spectral charge density beyond the initial drive beam parameters. These results unambiguously show that staged LWFA-PWFA can help to tailor the electron-beam quality for certain applications and to reduce the inﬂuence of ﬂuctuating laser drivers on the electron-beam stability. This encourages further development of this new class of staged wakeﬁeld acceleration as a viable scheme towards compact, high-quality electron beam sources.

http://link.aps.org/pdf/10.1103/PhysRevX.12.041016

In a dense gas plasma a short laser pulse propagates in relativistic self-trapping mode, which enables effective conversion of laser energy to the accelerated electrons. This regime sustains effective loading which maximizes the total charge of the accelerating electrons, that provides a large amount of betatron radiation. The 3D particle-in-cell simulations demonstrate how such regime triggers X-ray generation with 0.1-1 MeV photon energies, low divergence, and high brightness. It is shown that a 135 TW laser can be used to produce $3\times 10^{10}$ photons of $>10$ keV energy and a 1.2 PW laser makes it possible generating about $10^{12}$ photons in the same energy range. The laser-to-gammas energy conversion efficiency is up to $10^{-4}$ for the high-energy photons, $\sim 100$ keV, while the conversion efficiency to the entire keV-range x-rays is estimated to be a few tenths of a percent.

Bright synchrotron radiation from relativistic self-trapping of a short laser pulse in near-critical density plasma

High-Brilliance Betatron Gamma-Ray Source

Abstract Laser-driven compact particle accelerators can provide ultrashort pulses of broadband X-rays, well suited for undertaking X-ray absorption spectroscopy measurements on a femtosecond timescale. Here the Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) features of the K-edge of a copper sample have been observed over a 250 eV window in a single shot using a laser wakefield accelerator, providing information on both the electronic and ionic structure simultaneously. This capability will allow the investigation of ultrafast processes, and in particular, probing high-energy-density matter and physics far-from-equilibrium where the sample refresh rate is slow and shot number is limited. For example, states that replicate the tremendous pressures and temperatures of planetary bodies or the conditions inside nuclear fusion reactions. Using high-power lasers to pump these samples also has the advantage of being inherently synchronised to the laser-driven X-ray probe. A perspective on the additional strengths of a laboratory-based ultrafast X-ray absorption source is presented. 

Extended X-ray absorption spectroscopy using an ultrashort pulse laboratory-scale laser-plasma accelerator

We show that the properties of the electron beam and bright x-rays produced by a laser wakefield accelerator can be predicted if the distance over which the laser self-focuses and compresses prior to self-injection is taken into account. A model based on oscillations of the beam inside a plasma bubble shows that performance is optimised when the plasma length is matched to the laser depletion length. With a 200~TW laser pulse this results in an x-ray beam with median photon energy of \unit[20]{keV}, $> 6\times 10^{8}$ photons above \unit[1]{keV} per shot and a peak brightness of $\unit[3 \times 10^{22}]{photons~s^{-1}mrad^{-2}mm^{-2} (0.1\% BW)^{-1}}$.

pdf/bright-x-ray-radiation-from-plasma-bubbles-in-an-evolving-hi2dqya0y4.pdf

Bright X-ray radiation from plasma bubbles in an evolving laser wakefield accelerator

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Bright X-ray radiation from plasma bubbles in an evolving laser wakefield accelerator