SUMMARY: Washed cells of Listeria monocytogenes serotype 4b, grown in broth culture at 20°C and at 37°C, were examined by electron microscopy for the presence of flagella. Many flagella were seen in cells grown at 20°C, whereas at 37°C very few were expressed. Flagella sheared from the cell surface were partially purified by differential centrifugation. Using SDS-PAGE and Western blotting two distinct protein bands were seen in this preparation, both with an apparent molecular mass of approximately 29 kDa. Further purification of these proteins was achieved by gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatography. Whole organisms grown at 20°C and 37°C were examined in Western blots using an affinity-purified polyclonal antibody, and a monoclonal antibody, both directed against 29 kDa putative flagellin. Bacteria grown at 20°C expressed abundant flagellin, whereas only trace amounts could be detected in organisms grown at 37°C. It is concluded that organisms grown at 20°C both produce and assemble flagellin at the cell surface, and that flagellin production is a less marked feature of organisms grown at 37°C.

Temperature-dependent Expression of Flagella of Listeria manocytogenes Studied by Electron Microscopy, SDS-PAGE and Western Blotting

da Silva, G. A. Nigel (Iowa State University, Ames), and John G. Holt. Numerical taxonomy of certain coryneform bacteria. J. Bacteriol. 90:921-927. 1965-An electronic computer was used to sort 32 strains of coryneforms into groups with the tree-sort program. The similarity values obtained in this procedure were then used to construct a dendrogram depicting the phenetic resemblance among the taxa. The results indicated that all the phytopathogens studied were sufficiently distinct from the type species, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, to be excluded from the genus Corynebacterium. The grouping of some of the phytopathogens with Microbacterium lacticum is discussed. C. fascians appeared so distinct from the other strains studied that it should probably be excluded from the Corynebacteriaceae. The phenetic resemblance of Brevibacterium linens and Arthrobacter globiformis was emphasized, and the new combination, Arthrobacter linens, was proposed. In addition, because of distinct dissimilarity from the type species, it would seem desirable to exclude Arthrobacter tumescens from the genus Arthrobacter. The justification for classifying Kurthia zopfii in a family separate from the Corynebacteriaceae would appear to be open to serious question. It was concluded that the present taxonomic positions of Listeria monocytogenes, Cellulomonas biazotea, and Cellulomonas fimi are satisfactory.

Numerical taxonomy of certain coryneform bacteria.

A 66-year-old patient developed severe urinary stasis due to a concrement in his right ureter; foudroyant septicemia followed.Lactobacillus gasseri was grown from pyoid urine from the right renal pelvis and in two blood cultures, thus suggesting septic urinary infection caused by lactobacilli. The infection was cured by catheterisation of the right ureter and antibiotic treatment with cefotaxime and amoxicillin. The concrement was removed by dissolution. Diabetes and urinary stasis appear to be the main predisposing factors for this exceptional case of septic urinary infection caused byL. gasseri.

Lactobacillus gasseri as the cause of septic urinary infection

Leprosy bacilli harvested from freshly biopsied tissue from cases of lepromatous, borderline and histoid leprosy were, in conjunction with Mycobacterium lepraemurium and representative mycobacteria, examined cytochemically with and without their pyridine-extractable acid-fastness. Unlike the mycobacteria, unextracted leprosy bacilli failed to give a positive response to the periodic acid Schiff test or to take up Sudan black B, toluidine blue O, alkaline methylene blue or safranin O. Once their acid-fastness was removed with pyridine, leprosy bacilli were stained by all of the foregoing dyes except Sudan black B, under this condition they remained gram positive. While permanent loss of acid-fastness from leprosy bacilli always resulted in a loss of acid hematein-fixing material (Smith-Dietrich-Baker tests), the reverse was not true. Mild aqueous saponification, bromination, or sequential treatment with lipase and phospholipase D resulted in a loss of acid hematein-positivity but not acid-fastness. After pyridine extraction, bromination, or aqueous saponification, true mycobacteria lost neither their acid hematein-positivity nor their acid-fastness. The acid hematein-positive material and the acid-fastness of both leprosy bacilli and mycobacteria were lost after treatment with alkaline ethanol. These cytochemical findings are discussed in the light of what is known of the ultrastructure of leprosy bacilli and mycobacteria, and of the occurrence of a dl-3, 4-dihydroxyphenylalanine oxidase in leprosy bacilli but not in mycobacteria. An effort is made to explain the rather unique cytochemical properties of leprosy bacilli. Since pyridine-extractable acid-fastness (and acid hematein-positivity) serve to distinguish human leprosy bacilli from M. lepraemurium, one or the other, or both, are suggested as bases for differentiating these two organisms in animal experiments designed to show the in vivo propagation of human leprosy bacilli.

Cytochemical Reactions of Human Leprosy Bacilli and Mycobacteria: Ultrastructural Implications

The view that rheumatoid arthritis might be caused by an infective agent has long been held. Although various bacteria have been isolated in the past, none has been shown to cause the disease. Much of this work was done in the 1930s and was extensively reviewed by P. S. Hench and his fellow editors of the first eight "Rheumatism Reviews" (1935-1941) published collectively in 1961. In more recent years the basis for the view has varied from purely theoretical, intuitive considerations (Bauer, Clark, and Dienes, 1951; Christian, 1964; Sharp, 1964; British Medical Journal, 1965; Hamerman, 1966; Ford, 1968) to circumstantial evidence of an infective agent in the synovial fluid (Duthie, 1964; Duthie, Alexander, and Stewart, 1965). Hill (1968) suggested that the available evidence in favour of an infective element in rheumatoid arthritis included the occasional fever, leucocytosis, lymphadenopathy, loss of weight, raised erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and the presence of warm, swollen joints. To these attributes may be added the occasional acute onset of the disease with signs or symptoms of an infection. Hill, however, also stressed that the presence of rheumatoid factor in the serum was equally consistent with an autoimmune response and with a chronic infection; he suggested that "if microorganisms play an aetiological role in rheumatoid arthritis, it seems likely that this will prove to be indirect and mediated through a disturbed immune response". In this context it may be noted that rheumatoid factor reacting with sensitized sheep erythrocytes and/or gamma-globulin-coated particles may be present in illnesses demonstrably caused by bacteria or viruses (Howell, Malcolm, and Pike, 1960; Hall, 1961; Alexander and McCarthy, 1966). A similar factor can be produced in rabbits hyperimmunized with killed bacteria (Christian, 1961; Abruzzo and Christian, 1961). Svartz

https://ard.bmj.com/content/annrheumdis/28/5/477.full.pdf

Isolation of diphtheroid bacilli from synovial membrane and fluid in rheumatoid arthritis.

Topley and Wilson's Principles of bacteriology and immunity , Topley and Wilson's Principles of bacteriology and immunity , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی

Topley and Wilson's Principles of Bacteriology and Immunity. 5th Edition. Vol. 2.

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Topley and Wilson's Principles of Bacteriology and Immunity. 5th Edition. Vol. 2.