The twenty-first century could be called the 'Multifunctional Materials Age' The inspiration for multifunctional materials comes from nature, and therefore these are often referred to as bio-inspired materials Bio-inspired materials encompass smart materials and structures, multifunctional materials and nano-structured materials This is a dawn of revolutionary materials that may provide a 'quantum jump' in performance and multi-capability This book focuses on smart materials, structures and systems, which are also referred to as intelligent, adaptive, active, sensory and metamorphic The purpose of these materials from the perspective of smart systems is their ability to minimize life-cycle cost and/or expand the performance envelope The ultimate goal is to develop biologically inspired multifunctional materials with the capability to adapt their structural characteristics (such as stiffness, damping and viscosity) as required, monitor their health condition, perform self-diagnosis and self-repair, morph their shape and undergo significant controlled motion over a wide range of operating conditions

/pdf/smart-structures-theory-42oodmh8rk.pdf

Smart Structures Theory

Applications of smart structures technology to various physical systems are primarily focused on actively controlling vibration, performance, noise, and stability. Applications range from space systems to fixed-wing and rotary-wing aircraft, automotive, civil structures, marine systems, machine tools, and medical devices. Early applications of smart structures technology were focused toward space systems to actively control vibration of large space structures [1] as well as for precision pointing in space (e.g., telescope, and mirrors [2]). The scope and potential of smart structures applications for aeronautical systems have subsequently expanded. Embedded or surface-bonded smart material actuators on an airplane wing or helicopter blade can induce alteration of twist/camber of airfoil (shape change), which in turn can cause variation of lift distribution and may help to control static and dynamic aeroelastic problems. For fixed-wing aircraft, applications cover active control of flutter [3, 4, 5, 6, 7], static divergence [8, 9], panel flutter [10], performance enhancement [11], and interior structure-borne noise [12]. Compared to fixed-wing aircraft, helicopters appear to show the most potential for a major payoff with the application of smart structures technology. Given the broad scope of smart structures applications, developments in the field of rotorcraft are highlighted in a subsequent section. Although most current applications are focused on the minimization of helicopter vibration, there are other potential applications such as interior/exterior noise reduction, aerodynamic performance enhancement that includes stall alleviation, aeromechanical stability augmentation, rotor tracking, handling qualities improvement, rotor head health monitoring, and rotor primary controls implementation (e.g., swashplateless rotors) [13].

Smart Structures Theory: Applications of Active Materials in Integrated Systems

Cette these presente la conception, la fabrication et l'etude analytique d'un nouveau concept base sur la barre de Hiller pour realiser la commande du rotor sans plateau cyclique. Les pales sont couplees a des palettes. Un aileron, commande par des actionneurs piezo-electriques, est situe derriere le bord de fuite de chaque palette. L'aileron est incline par l'actionneur, et genere ainsi une portance. Le moment en pas de la palette change ainsi que le pas, la portance et le battement de la palette. L'angle de battement de la palette et l'angle de pas de la pale etant couples, ce dernier varie. Chaque ensemble {pale palette aileron} est independant d'un autre. La palette peut donc generer du pas collectif et cyclique en entree de la pale. Compare aux rotors conventionnels, un tel systeme presente divers avantages tels la reduction de la complexite mecanique, de la trainee et du poids. La consommation en fuel de l'helicoptere devrait donc decroitre fortement et la disponibilite de l'aeronef augmenter. Un helicoptere de modelisme a ete pilote en milieu exterieur et sert a valider le concept de couplage. Le systeme a pu maintenir un vol stationnaire stable malgre la presence de vent. Une analyse comprenant la dynamique de l'aileron et quatre degres de liberte est developpee pour evaluer le comportement dynamique et apprecier la faisabilite d'un tel concept de rotor sans plateau cyclique. L'analyse est utilisee pour investiguer l'effet des parametres du systeme sur l'influence que la palette et l'aileron peuvent exercer sur la pale. Des tests en stationnaire ont ete realises sur un banc rotor principal qui represente un environnement plus maitrise. Le but de ces tests est de valider l'etude theorique et d'evaluer l'effet de differentes variables de conception sur la reponse en pas de la pale. Pour ce faire, le systeme est equipe de capteurs. Dans le cas des essais en vol comme au banc rotor principal, la commande en pas de la palette est realisee par de petits plateaux cycliques assurant une conception rapide, simple et peu couteuse. Le reste du systeme est inchange. Pour une palette d'envergure egale a 40% du rayon de la pale, avec un pas cyclique de g o, un angle de pas cyclique de pale de 5° a ete obtenu.

https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00005905/document

Etude d'un rotor d'hélicoptère sans plateau cyclique avec des servopaddles actives

A Multi-Concept Approach for Development of Adaptive Rotor Systems

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A Multi-Concept Approach for Development of Adaptive Rotor Systems