The current understanding of finite-temperature phase transitions in QCD is reviewed. A critical discussion of refined phase-transition criteria in numerical lattice simulations and of analytical tools going beyond the mean-field level in effective continuum models for QCD is presented. Theoretical predictions about the order of the transitions are compared with possible experimental manifestations in heavy-ion collisions. Various places in phenomenological descriptions are pointed out where more reliable data for QCD's equation of state would help in selecting the most realistic scenario among those proposed. Unanswered questions are raised about the relevance of calculations that assume thermodynamic equilibrium. Promising new approaches for implementing nonequilibrium aspects of the thermodynamics of heavy-ion collisions are described. [S0034-6861(96)00302-9]

Phase transitions in quantum chromodynamics

In this paper we present results for the hadron spectrum in the quenched approximation using staggered fermions. Pinning down the quenched spectrum is an important step in the program of using lattice calculations to extract physically useful quantities. If we cannot extract the masses of the lightest few states with small errors, and make reliable extrapolations to zero quark mass, then calculations of more complicated quantities are suspect. Furthermore, we would like to know how well the quenched approximation reproduces the physical spectrum, for this gives us some indication of the trustworthiness of other quenched calculations. We present results for the spectrum of QCD in the quenched approximation using staggered fermions at {beta} = 5.7, 6.0 and 6.2. We use extended wall sources, which give a better projection onto the ground state, and allow us to study many non-local pion and rho states, as well as the Delta baryon. Staggered flavor symmetry breaking reduces dramatically from {beta} = 5.7 to 6.2. For {beta} = 6, the ratio m{sub N}/m{sub p} lies significantly below 1.5 for m{sub q} < m{sub s}. At {beta} = 6 we study finite volume effects using 16{sup 3} {times} 40 and 24{sup 3} {times} 40 lattices.more » We reanalyze our old data at {beta} = 6.2 and resolve the problem of the anomalously light scalar state. 20 refs., 19 figs., 11 tabs.« less

Quenched spectrum with staggered fermions.

Recent numerical Monte Carlo simulations of the hadron spectrum are reviewed. After a general introduction, different ways of calculating the hadron masses in the ''quenched approximation'' (i.e., neglecting virtual quark loops) are described and the latest results are summarized. The pseudofermion method and the iterative hopping expansion method for the introduction of dynamical quarks is discussed, and the first results for the hadron spectrum including the effect of virtual quark loops are reviewed. A separate section is devoted to the discussion of questions related to scaling with dynamical quarks.

Numerical calculation of hadron masses in quantum chromodynamics

Observation of FSS for a first-order phase transition

We present the results of a multicanonical simulation of the q=20 2-d Potts model in the transition region. This is a very strong first order phase transition. We observe, for the first time, the asymptotic finite size scaling behavior predicted by Borgs and Koteck\'y close to a first order phase transition point.

https://arxiv.org/pdf/hep-lat/9211014.pdf

Observation of FSS for a First Order Phase Transition

The use of QCD in hadronic cascades between heavy quark-antiquark bound states

The goldstone pion in SU(2) lattice QCD at low quark mass: Scaling and finite size effects

Introduction to Unified Theories of Weak, Electromagnetic and Strong Interactions: SU(5)

We present a Monte Carlo simulation of the Z3 3d Potts model with ferromagnetic nearest neighbor and anti-ferromagnetic next to nearest neighbor interactions. The order-disorder phase transition is first order as for the pure ferromagnetic model. The dynamics of the system is also discussed.

The Z3 three dimensional potts model with anti-ferromagnetic admixture☆

We present simulations of the 2d Potts model with q = 10 and q = 7. Results are compared with the predictions of the Binder Landau two-peak formalism.

Numerical simulations of some first order phase transitions

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