Periodic structures on polar caps, arising due to instability of the pulsar surface in a strong magnetic field, can be responsible both for the appearance of additional components in pulsar radiation and the formation of sickle shaped hot spots arising as a possible result of Mandelstam–Raman scattering of the reflected radiation by returned positrons.

Instability of the pulsar surface in strong constant fields and generation of additional components due to combination scattering

The possibility of existance is discussed for pulsars emitting soft γ radiation near their magnetic poles upon the annihilation of ultrarelativistic positrons from the magnetosphere and electrons from the surface of a star. With an increase in the energy of incident positrons, the photon energy of this backward radiation tends to a constant value m e c2/2=255 keV. This radiation is shown to be directed opposite to the positron flux direction.

Formation of the 255-keV annihilation line near the magnetic poles of pulsars

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Formation of the 255-keV annihilation line near the magnetic poles of pulsars