AMP-activated protein kinase AMPK regulates cellular energy by controlling metabolism through the inhibition of anabolic pathways and the simultaneous stimulation of catabolic pathways. Given its central regulator role in cell metabolism, AMPK activity and its regulation have been the focus of relevant investigations, although only a few studies have focused on the AMPK function in the control of spermatozoa’s ability to fertilize. This review summarizes the known cellular roles of AMPK that have been identified in mammalian spermatozoa. The involvement of AMPK activity is described in terms of the main physiological functions of mature spermatozoa, particularly in the regulation of suitable sperm motility adapted to the fluctuating extracellular medium, maintenance of the integrity of sperm membranes, and the mitochondrial membrane potential. In addition, the intracellular signaling pathways leading to AMPK activation in mammalian spermatozoa are reviewed. We also discuss the role of AMPK in assisted reproduction techniques, particularly during semen cryopreservation and preservation (at 17 °C). Finally, we reinforce the idea of AMPK as a key signaling kinase in spermatozoa that acts as an essential linker/bridge between metabolism energy and sperm’s ability to fertilize.

https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/19/11/3293/pdf

AMPK Function in Mammalian Spermatozoa

4-Bromodiphenyl ether delays pubertal Leydig cell development in rats.

Obesity is associated with decreased testosterone levels in males. Testosterone is synthesized by testosterone synthetic enzymes, which are stimulated by luteinizing hormone (LH). Testosterone can also be converted to estradiol via the aromatase. The objective of this study was to examine the factors related to testosterone synthesis and conversion, and to systematically evaluate the key processes that influence testosterone levels in male obesity. Three hundred and two male subjects (aged 25-45 years old) were divided according to BMI into normal weight (18.5-23.9 kg/m2), overweight (24-27.9 kg/m2), and obese (≥28 kg/m2) groups; or divided following WHR into non-abdominal obesity and abdominal obesity groups (WHR: ≥0.9). Male C57BL/6 mice were divided into normal diet (ND) and high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity group. Serum sex hormones and aromatase levels were measured using ELISAs. Testosterone synthetic enzymes in the testes were measured by qRT-PCR. The testosterone levels in obese men and abdominal obesity men were lower than normal men. In abdominal obesity men serum LH levels were decreased and associated with testosterone levels after multivariate regression analysis. Serum aromatase levels were increased in abdominal obesity males. In mice, compared to the ND group, the HFD group had decreased steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR). However, aromatase levels in subcutaneous adipose tissue were higher in the ND group than HFD group. In conclusion, according to this study decreased testicular synthesis function and the conversion of testosterone may explain the reduction in testosterone levels in male obesity, and the decrease of testicular synthesis may change first.

Effect of Testosterone Synthesis and Conversion on Serum Testosterone Levels in Obese Men.

Perfluorododecanoic acid (PFDoA) has been used as a surfactant and may have reproductive toxicity. However, whether PFDoA influences Leydig cell development during prepuberty remains unknown. In the present study, 21-day-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were gavaged 0, 5, or 10 mg/kg PFDoA from postnatal day 21 to 35. PFDoA decreased the serum concentrations of testosterone, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone at doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg without influencing Leydig cell number and proliferation. However, PFDoA down-regulated the expression of Leydig cell genes ( Lhcgr, Scarb1, Star, Cyp11a1, Cyp17a1, and Hsd11b1) or their proteins. PFDoA dose-dependently reduced SIRT1 and PGC-1α levels. PFDoA did not affect AMPK and AKT2 levels but decreased their phosphorylation. We also treated primary progenitor Leydig cells purified from prepubertal rat testes with PFDoA for 24 h. It in vitro lowered viability and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential of progenitor Leydig cells, but it stimulated the generation of the intracellular reactive oxygen species and induced Leydig cell apoptosis at 10 μM. In conclusion, PFDoA blocks rat Leydig cell development during the prepubertal period possibly via targeting AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α and AKT2 signaling pathways.

Perfluorododecanoic Acid Blocks Rat Leydig Cell Development during Prepuberty.

Effectiveness of Onion (Allium Cepa) on the Improvement of Sexual Disorders in Men: A Review Study

https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01529478/document

Expression of adenosine 5′-monophosphate—Activated protein kinase (AMPK) in ovine testis (Ovis aries): In vivo regulation by nutritional state

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

A. Anane

Author Tools

Chat about Author

Papers

Expression of adenosine 5′-monophosphate—Activated protein kinase (AMPK) in ovine testis (Ovis aries): In vivo regulation by nutritional state