The ATLAS Level-1 Muon Barrel Trigger is one of the main elements of the first stage of event selection of the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider. The challenge of the Level-1 system is a reduction of the event rate from a collision rate of 40 MHz by a factor 103, using simple algorithms that can be executed in highly parallel custom electronics with a latency of the order of 1 ?s. The input stage of the Level-1 Muon consists of an array of processors receiving the full granularity of data from a dedicated detector (Resistive Plate Chambers in the Barrel). This first stage of the algorithm is performed directly on-detector, while the final stage is performed in boards mounted in the counting room, by the so-called off-detector electronics. The trigger algorithm is executed within a fixed latency, its real-time output is the multiplicity of muon candidates passing a set of programmable pT thresholds, and their topological information. The detector system and the trigger electronics are designed to achieve a safe bunch-crossing identification. In order to optimize design effort and cost, the trigger system integrates also the readout of the detector, with its own requirements on time resolution and overall data bandwidth. We present the detailed functional requirements of the Level-1 Muon Barrel system, its architecture, implementation and construction.

/pdf/the-level-1-trigger-muon-barrel-system-of-the-atlas-1hhxzvooqy.pdf

The Level-1 Trigger Muon Barrel System of the ATLAS experiment at CERN

The ATLAS Level-1 Trigger is the first stage of event selection for the ATLAS experiment at the LHC. The Level-1 Trigger is implemented with custom-built electronics, and is designed to identify the interesting collision events to be passed on to the next selection stage, reaching a decision within a latency of less than 2.5 μs. Signals from the Calorimeter and Muon Trigger System are combined in the Central Trigger Processor which processes the overall L1 Accept (L1A) decision. The Level-1 Trigger identifies event features such as missing transverse energy, candidate electrons, photons, jets and muons. This paper presents how the Level-1 Trigger System has performed in 2011 and early 2012, covering techniques used to cope with the increasing LHC luminosity. This paper also covers some of the Level-1 Trigger upgrade plans with respect to managing the increasingly demanding LHC running conditions.

http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/396/1/012010/pdf

The ATLAS Level-1 Trigger System

The ATLAS muon spectrometer, currently in the installation phase, uses dedicated detectors to be able to trigger on high transverse momentum muons in the range 6-20 GeV/c resistive plate chambers (RPC) are equipping the barrel region in the middle and outer station, while precision chambers (monitored drift tubes, MDT) are present also in the inner layer. The RPCs have the required timing and spatial resolution of about 2 ns times 1 cm, to be able to associate the muon to the correct bunch crossing and provide the second coordinate measurements to the MDTs. In order to successfully commission the chambers, cosmic runs are taken to check and validate the readout and trigger chain, and cosmic rates are measured and compared against values obtained with a cosmic ray Monte Carlo generator and full detector simulation. The first part of the detector under commission is the set of horizontal chambers positioned between the feet of the detector. The first results obtained in the ATLAS cavern will be presented. The first cosmic data taking collects signals from chambers arranged in six trigger towers, covering about one quarter of the full detector length. The experience gained on this small part of the detector will be very useful to define the commissioning work for the whole detector.

The ATLAS LVL1 Barrel Muon Trigger Commissioning with Cosmic Rays

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The ATLAS LVL1 Barrel Muon Trigger Commissioning with Cosmic Rays