The development of microwave-tube simulator suite (MTSS) is reported. MTSS is an integrated full-featured software package for microwave-tube analysis and design. It includes a friendly user-interface module and three physics simulators. Microwave-tube design environment is the user-interface module, which provides a powerful solid-modeling front end and graphical and computational postprocessing functionality. Electron optics simulator (EOS) is a fully 3-D finite-element design tool for microwave-tube electron guns and collectors. An EOS is used to design gridded guns, multibeam guns, and anisotropic collectors. A high-frequency circuit simulator is an advanced 3-D electromagnetic (EM) simulation tool for RF components, which has two solution methods based on a finite-integration technique and a finite-element method. Beam-wave interaction simulator (BWIS) is a design tool for electron beam and EM-wave interaction in microwave tubes. The 1-D, 2-D, and 3-D multifrequency nonlinear beam-wave interactions for helix traveling-wave tubes have been implemented in BWIS. The architecture, features, theory, and design of MTSS are presented.

Theory and Design of Microwave-Tube Simulator Suite

The development of a 10-kW average power, 94-GHz gyroklystron amplifier is described. This average power was obtained with 11% radio frequency (RF) duty factor and 92-kW peak power in the TE/sub 01/ circular cavity mode. The instantaneous bandwidth was 420 MHz, and the efficiency was 33.5%. Low-duty-factor testing also yielded a peak power of as much as 115 kW with 600-MHz instantaneous bandwidth. This development effort was carried out over the past three years and represents record average power performance in an amplifier at this frequency.

/pdf/development-and-testing-of-a-high-average-power-94-ghz-28w07539jc.pdf

Development and testing of a high-average power, 94-GHz gyroklystron

The simulation code MAGY developed at the University of Maryland and Naval Research Laboratory is able to describe the self-consistent nonlinear interaction between the electromagnetic fields of simply connected axisymmetric structures and electron beams. The code has been used effectively primarily for the design and simulation of gyro-devices. The main advantage of the MAGY code is its capability to find both steady state and slowly evolving dynamic solutions with minimal computational effort. The goal of the present work is to develop the formulation to be capable to model vacuum electronic devices with external cavities while keeping all the useful features of the MAGY code.

Simulation of microwave devices with external cavities using MAGY

A self-consistent large-signal beam-field interaction model for vacuum electronic microwave sources with external cavities is described. The model includes a self-consistent solution of the three-dimensional equations of electron motion and the time-dependent field equations. The RF fields are decomposed into the fields inside the beam region and the fields inside outer resonators. The RF fields inside the beam region are represented as a superposition of local waveguide modes. The RF fields inside resonators are represented as a sum over resonator modes. The various modes are coupled together due to gaps connecting cavities with each other and with the beam region. The numerical implementation of the model requires additional analytical steps to obtain an effective, convergent, and stable numerical solution. The modified version of the code MAGY has been tested by a comparison with known results and also with measured data.

The results of a focused program to develop high-power W-band gyro-amplifiers, which culminated in the demonstration of record average output powers from amplifiers in this band, are described. Following an experimental and theoretical study of low-duty prototype amplifiers, two high-average power devices were designed, built, and demonstrated. The first high-average power amplifier achieved 10.1-kW average output power at 33% efficiency in the TE/sub 0.1/ mode at 93.8 GHz. The instantaneous bandwidth was 420 MHz and the saturated gain at the 10.1-kW point was 32 dB. The second high-average power gyroklystron, designed for improved bandwidth, demonstrated 10.2-kW average power at 31% efficiency with 700-MHz instantaneous bandwidth and 33-dB saturated gain. The measured results of the low-duty prototype amplifiers and the high-average power gyroklystrons are described in detail. In addition, theoretically predicted results for a high-average-power W-band gyrotwystron amplifier, which is currently in construction, are presented.

Development and demonstration of high-average power W-band gyro-amplifiers for radar applications

ARGUS is a three-dimensional, electromagnetic, particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation code that is being distributed to U.S. accelerator laboratories in collaboration between SAIC and the Los Alamos Accelerator Code Group. It uses a modular architecture that allows multiple physics modules to share common utilities for grid and structure input., memory management, disk I/O, and diagnostics, Physics modules are in place for electrostatic and electromagnetic field solutions., frequency-domain (eigenvalue) solutions, time- dependent PIC, and steady-state PIC simulations. All of the modules are implemented with a domain-decomposition architecture that allows large problems to be broken up into pieces that fit in core and that facilitates the adaptation of ARGUS for parallel processing ARGUS operates on either Cray or workstation platforms, and MOTIF-based user interface is available for X-windows terminals. Applications of ARGUS in accelerator physics and design are described in this paper.

/pdf/applications-of-the-argus-code-in-accelerator-physics-2i2f8onl46.pdf

Applications of the ARGUS code in accelerator physics

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Applications of the ARGUS code in accelerator physics