The present review article represents a comprehensive study on polymer micro/nanocomposites that are used in high-voltage applications. Particular focus is on the structure-property relationship of composite materials used in power engineering, by exploiting fundamental theory as well as numerical/analytical models and the influence of material design on electrical, mechanical and thermal properties. In addition to describing the scientific development of micro/nanocomposites electrical features desired in power engineering, the study is mainly focused on the electrical properties of insulating materials, particularly cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) and epoxy resins, unfilled and filled with different types of filler. Polymer micro/nanocomposites based on XLPE and epoxy resins are usually used as insulating systems for high-voltage applications, such as: cables, generators, motors, cast resin dry-type transformers, etc. Furthermore, this paper includes ample discussions regarding the advantages and disadvantages resulting in the electrical, mechanical and thermal properties by the addition of micro- and nanofillers into the base polymer. The study goals are to determine the impact of filler size, type and distribution of the particles into the polymer matrix on the electrical, mechanical and thermal properties of the polymer micro/nanocomposites compared to the neat polymer and traditionally materials used as insulation systems in high-voltage engineering. Properties such as electrical conductivity, relative permittivity, dielectric losses, partial discharges, erosion resistance, space charge behavior, electric breakdown, tracking and electrical tree resistance, thermal conductivity, tensile strength and modulus, elongation at break of micro- and nanocomposites based on epoxy resin and XLPE are analyzed. Finally, it was concluded that the use of polymer micro/nanocomposites in electrical engineering is very promising and further research work must be accomplished in order to diversify the polymer composites matrices and to improve their properties.

Properties of Polymer Composites Used in High-Voltage Applications.

Sugar palm fiber (SPF) is one of the prospective fibers used to reinforce polymer composites. The aim of this study is to evaluate the physicochemical, thermal, and morphological properties of SPF after alkali and sea water treatments. The chemical constituents group and thermal stability of the SPF were determined using scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) along with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was carried out to detect the presence of functional groups in untreated and treated SPF. The SEM images after both treatments showed that the external surface of the fiber became clean as a result. However, the sea water treatment affected the fiber properties physically, while the alkali treatment affected it both physically and chemically by dissolving the hemicellulose in the fiber. The TGA results showed that untreated fiber is significantly more stable than treated fiber. In conclusion, the results show that the fiber surface treatment significantly affected the characterization of the fiber.

/pdf/physicochemical-and-thermal-properties-of-lignocellulosic-16c67tlrdn.pdf

Physicochemical and thermal properties of lignocellulosic fiber from sugar palm fibers: effect of treatment

In this study, the influence of micro- and nano-filler content on the mechanical properties of epoxy composites was studied. The matrix material is epoxy; the micro-fillers are Al2O3, TiO2 and fly ash added in 10 wt% to 30 wt% by weight ratio; the nano-fillers are Al2O3, TiO2 and clay added in 2.5 wt% to 10 wt% by weight ratio. Test samples were prepared using an open mould type die. Tensile, three-point bending and hardness tests were carried out. The tensile strength, elastic modulus, elongation at break, flexural strength, flexural modulus, and the hardness of the composite materials were obtained and evaluated. The results show that the tensile strength, flexural strength and elongation at the break values of composites decreased while the tensile modulus and flexural modulus increased with the increasing micro- and nano-filler content

The influence of micro- And nano-filler content on the mechanical properties of epoxy composites

Physical and damping properties of kenaf fibre filled natural rubber/thermoplastic polyurethane composites

Influence of the addition of three different non-metallic fractions (NMF), obtained by processing of printed circuit boards (PCBs), on the mechanical and thermal properties of unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) based composites were studied in this paper. UPR, based on products of PET depolymerization, and NMF were characterized using FTIR, NMR, optical microscopy and SEM/EDS analysis. Cross-linking density (ν), storage modulus (G′), damping factor (tanδ) and glass transition temperature (Tg) of the composites were determined from the DMA testing. Tensile (σt) and flexural (σf) strength, and micro Vickers hardness indicated good composite performance under static load. Thermal and flame resistant properties were analyzed by TGA/DTG and UL-94 flammability test whereby V-2 category of appropriate composite was achieved. Composites with satisfactory mechanical and thermal properties reflected synergetic effect of constituents obtained from waste materials.

New composites based on waste PET and non-metallic fraction from waste printed circuit boards: Mechanical and thermal properties

Oil palm ash (OPA) is available in abundance, is renewable, can be obtained at no cost and shows good performance at high thermal conditions. Combinations of the unsaturated polyester with natural fillers have been reported to improve the mechanical and thermal properties of composites. Utilisation of oil palm ash as a filler in the manufacture of polymer composites can significantly reduce the requirement for other binders or matrixes of composite materials. This research uses oil palm ash as a filler to form composites through the investigation of the effect of different contents of filler on the properties of OPA-filled unsaturated polyester (UP/OPA) composites. The effect of different volume fractions, i.e., 0, 10, 20 and 30 vol.% of oil palm ash introduced into 100, 90, 80 and 70 vol.% of an unsaturated polyester matrix on the composite mechanical properties, i.e., tensile and flexural, has been studied, together with thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetric (DSC). Specimens were prepared using compression moulding techniques based on the ASTM D790 and D5083 standards for flexural and tensile tests, respectively. The tensile and flexural mechanical properties of UP/OPA composites were improved in modulus by increasing the filler content. Thermal stability of the composites increased as the OPA filler content was increased, which was a logical consequence because of the high thermal stability of the silica compound of the OPA filler compared with that of the UP matrix. The results from the surface electron microscope (SEM) analysis were the extension of mechanical and thermal tests.

/pdf/mechanical-and-thermal-properties-of-composites-from-xay0tuvdkn.pdf

Mechanical and thermal properties of composites from unsaturated polyester filled with oil palm ash

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Mechanical and thermal properties of composites from unsaturated polyester filled with oil palm ash