Energy Sources I

This study examined the physiochemical, mineralogical, thermal, and kinetic characteristics of selected Nigerian coals, namely; Chikila (CHK), Lafia Obi (LFB) and Okaba (OKB) from the Benue Trough and Anambra Basin. Physicochemical analyses revealed significant carbon, volatile matter, fixed carbon, and higher heating values (~25–30 MJ/kg) along with low contents of moisture and ash. The deduced properties indicate subbituminous to bituminous rank coals. The morphological, microstructure and elemental analyses revealed heterogeneous sized coal particles with a glassy lustre, which are ascribed to quartz, alumina, kaolinite, hematite, and other clay or aluminosilicate minerals. Thermal analysis under oxidative conditions indicated the coal samples are highly reactive, which resulted in significant degradation as evident in the high mass losses (ML = 91.59–94.04)% and low residual masses (RM = 5.96–8.41)%, which occurred in the order LFB > OKB > CHK for ML whereas RM was CHK > OKB > LFB. Kinetic analysis values of activation energy (Ea) from 30.07 to 43.91 kJ/mol, frequency factor (A) from 1.16 × 10–02 to 6.73 × 10–02 min–1 and R2 from 0.98–0.99 based on the Coats–Redfern model. The kinetic analysis indicated the coals are highly reactive and suitable for energy recovery.

Physiochemical, Mineralogical, Thermal and Kinetic Characterisation of Selected Coals from the Benue Trough and Anambra Basin, Nigeria

In this study, the physicochemical, microstructural, mineralogical, thermal, and kinetic properties of three newly discovered coals from Akunza (AKZ), Ome (OME), and Shiga (SHG) in Nigeria were examined for potential energy recovery. Physicochemical analysis revealed high combustible but low levels of polluting elements. The higher heating values ranged from 18.65 MJ/kg (AKZ) to 26.59 MJ/kg (SHG). Microstructure and mineralogical analyses revealed particles with a rough texture, surface, and glassy lustre, which could be ascribed to metals, quartz, and kaolinite minerals. The major elements (C, O, Si, and Al), along with minor elements (Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, S, and Ti) detected are associated with clays, salts, or the porphyrin constituents of coal. Thermal analysis showed mass loss (ML) ranges from 30.51% to 87.57% and residual mass (RM) from 12.44% to 69.49% under combustion (oxidative) and pyrolysis (non-oxidative) TGA conditions due to thermal degradation of organic matter and macerals (vitrinite, inertinite and liptinite). Kinetic analysis revealed the coals are highly reactive under the oxidative and non-oxidative conditions based on the Coats–Redfern Model. The activation energy (Ea) ranged from 23.81 to 89.56 kJ/mol, whereas the pre-exponential factor (ko) was from 6.77 × 10–4/min to 1.72 × 103/min under pyrolysis and combustion conditions. In conclusion, the coals are practical feedstocks for either energy recovery or industrial applications.

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Physicochemical, mineralogy, and thermo-kinetic characterisation of newly discovered Nigerian coals under pyrolysis and combustion conditions

The comprehensive fuel characterization of newly discovered coals is critical to efficient energy recovery and effective utilization in various applications. Over the years, numerous coal deposits have been discovered in Nigeria, which has reignited interest in coal utilization. However, lack of comprehensive data on the new coals and their coking potential has hampered progress in the coal, iron, and steel industries in Nigeria. Therefore, this study examined the coke and energy recovery potential of a newly discovered lignite coal from Ogboligbo (OGB) in Kogi state of Nigeria through carbonization in a muffle furnace reactor. The pH, FTIR and TGA analyses of OGB and the derived cokes were subsequently examined in detail. The results demonstrated that temperature significantly influenced the carbonization process resulting in a coke yield, energy yield, higher heating value, and thermal properties markedly different from OGB. The pH analysis revealed weakly to strongly acidic cokes indicating their limited application to energy, steel, and iron manufacturing. The FTIR analysis showed that OGB and cokes structures consist of clay and silicate minerals such as kaolinite and illite. Lastly, the results showed that the carbonization process adversely affected the thermochemical reactivity of the cokes due to low moisture and volatile matter. However, the risks of self-ignition or spontaneous combustion are minimised after carbonization.

Carbonization and Coke Characteristics of Ogboligbo Coal

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Carbonization and Coke Characteristics of Ogboligbo Coal